1. Liberal alternatives International Security in the Modern World Masaryk University in Brno 1-2 July 2012 Věra Stojarová

2. Collective security collective security CS is based on an idea that states can constructively cooperate together in order to gain peace, while this cooperation is based on the existence of legal norms and international institutions Liberal alternatives

3. Collective security The idea of collective security was after WWI embodied in the League of Nations The aim of the LN was the prevention of the conflict, creation of coalition Liberal alternatives

4. Collective security Even at the beginning of 1920s it was clear that CS does not function Cold war - the basic prerequisite vanished – the concensus on common aims and values - The American and Soviet vision of the world system was contradictory Liberal alternatives

5. Liberal alternatives after the WWII – new incentives Decolonisation The increase of complex mutual interdependency The increase of power of international institutions the unability of the realists to explain the deepening of european integration and the relations in the euro- atlantic region increase of the power of the non-state actors The main turning point for the conceptualisation of security was the Caribbean crisis which confirmed the ability of mutual destruction between USSR and USA as well as the unwillingness to do so. Liberal alternatives

6. The theory of complex mutual interdependency and neo-liberal institutionalism The fathers: Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye On one hand accepting the realistic presupposition of the anarchical international system On the other hand they claim that the important thing about the international system is not only the division of power, but mutual interdependency and existence of international institutions as well Liberal alternatives

7. The theory of complex mutual interdependency The actors and the themes of the IR are due to the modern technologies, business and information flows so interconnected and so interdependend that the use of the armed power is not and can not be the way for solving conflicts The military security ceased to be the priority of the foreign policies and the hierarchy of sources of threats and power ceased to exist as well.

8. The theory of complex mutual interdependency The security is no more the military matter Security has character of collective security which we can apply on the economical as well as military relations between states There is no reason why we should avoid mutual interdependency, because MI does not mean higher vulnerability of the states

9. Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye Claim that the international security relations are more influenced by the firms, supranational corporations and NGOs. The development of the transnational relations and non-state actors weakens the dominant position of the states which changes the character of the international relations

10. Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye Because the economical sources of power are accessible for more players (mainly non-state ones) than the military power, the danger for the state looses its military character and gains the economical character “The nonstate actors work as the engine and gear of the threats over the state borders”

11. Summary of Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye The presupposition that the economical threats and mutual interdependency can have comparable impact on the existence of the states as military/political threats The main referent object remained state Military sphere lost the primacy The source of the military threats remain the state The source of the economical threats are the huge transnational relations, non-state actors, instability of the markets, world financial crisis or the lack of the strategic materials Liberal alternatives

12. Seminar:Try to find pros and cons of UN PROsCONs

13. Seminar - UN What do you think about Security Council resolutions? How do you perceive the UN - as the guarantee of the world peace or expensive theathre? Do you think these 5 states should have more powers than the others? Shall fairness or realism play higher role? Is it possible to manage over 200 states?

14. Seminar Group n. 1: Design decision making process and the main bodies in the United Nations according to the principle “justice for all”. Group n. 2: Design decision making process and the main bodies in the UN according to the principle “working, efficient and not getting blocked”. Group n. 1: Try to persuade the other group and find pros why to pursue humanitarian intervention in Syria. Group n. 2:Find cons against the humanitarian intervention in Syria.