Page 1 Emission Controls for Marine Vessels Presentation for The 1999 International WorkBoat Show Jean Marie Revelt Alan Stout US-EPA-OMS December 2, 1999

Page 2 The Need to Control Emissions From Commercial Marine Diesel Engines

Page 3 Marine Emission Inventory n Commercial marine engines are an important source of harmful air pollutants n These emissions occur in concentrated areas: in ports, along coast lines, along rivers n These are places with large populations that often have serious air pollution problems

Page 4 Marine Emission Inventory n Marine diesel engine emissions contain –Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx) »Important part of urban haze »Causes smog and acid rain »Can harm humans and vegetation »May cause increased susceptibility to respiratory illness and pulmonary infection, and breathing difficulties for asthmatics –Diesel Particulate Matter (PM) »Typically consists of a solid core, composed mainly of elemental carbon, with a coating of various organic and inorganic compounds »Small size -- increases likelihood that they will reach and lodge in the deepest and most sensitive areas of lungs »Affects breathing and respiratory symptoms and can cause increased respiratory disease and lung damage »Also damages paint, soils, clothing, and reduces visibility

Page 5 Marine Regulatory Regimes n There are 2 programs designed to reduce air pollution from marine engines and vessels n Annex VI to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) –Adopted by IMO on September 26, 1997 –The Annex will go into force internationally when 15 states representing not less than 50% of the gross tonnage of the world’s merchant shipping have ratified it n EPA’s national commercial diesel marine engine requirements –Covers NOx, HC, PM, and CO emissions from marine diesel engines greater than 37 kW –Proposed 12/11/98: 63 FR 68508; finalized 11/23/99 –Smaller marine diesel engines were included in the nonroad Tier 2 rule: 63 FR 56967, 10/23/98

Page 6 MARPOL Annex VI Requirements

Page 7 MARPOL Annex VI n Annex VI to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) contains several air pollution requirements for marine vessels –Substances covered »Ozone depleting substances -- Regulation 12 »Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) -- Regulation 13 »Sulfur Oxides (SOx) -- Regulation 14 »VOCs -- Regulation 15 »Shipboard Incineration -- Regulation 16 »Fuel Oil Quality -- Regulation 18

Page 8 MARPOL Engine Requirements n The Regulation 13 engine emission limits are only for NOx – Limits apply to engines at or above 130 kW and are based on a NOx curve that depends on engine speed –Applicable to »Engines installed on vessels constructed on or after 1 January 2000 »Engines that undergo a major conversion on or after 1 January 2000

Page 9 MARPOL Engine Requirements n Engine manufacturers will demonstrate compliance with the standards –They will obtain an Engine International Air Pollution (EIAPP) from EPA »Until the Annex goes into force for the United States, EPA will be issuing a Statement of Compliance »There will be a process to exchange these for EIAPPs later n Vessel owners will need an EIAPP to obtain an International Air Pollution Prevention (IAPP) Certificate for their vessel –This certificate, issued by the Coast Guard, will be a requirement for certain vessels once the Annex goes into force for the United States –To make sure you can get an IAPP »If you purchase a new vessel constructed on or after 1 January 2000, you should make sure the engine meets the Regulation 13 NOx requirements »If you modify an engine on your vessel on or after 1 January 2000, you may need to demonstrate compliance with the limits

Page 10 MARPOL Engine Requirements n In addition to the EIAPP, two other engine-related documents must be kept onboard the vessel –They are needed for surveys, after the Annex goes into force –Engine Technical File NOx critical components, settings, and operating values Range of adjustments Engine performance Onboard NOx verification procedure Restrictions Spare part specifications Copy of parent engine test report –Engine Record Book of Engine Parameters »Document for recording all parameter changes, including components and engine settings, which may affect the engine’s NOx emissions »This record book will be examined during surveys

Page 11 MARPOL Fuel Requirements n 3 MARPOL regulations affect fuel n MARPOL SOx requirements (Regulation 14) –Sets maximum sulfur content : 4.5% m/m (45,000 ppm) »World average is approximately 35,000 ppm; can be up to 70,000 ppm »Most domestic diesel engines use nonroad distillate: 2,000 to 3,000 ppm »Sulfur Dioxide is also a harmful air pollutant Causes smog Can affect human health, especially among asthmatics Can also harm vegetation and metals Can impair visibility Can acidify lakes and streams –Establishes SOx Emission Control Areas »In these areas the sulfur content of fuel cannot exceed 1.5% m/m (15,000 ppm) »There are no SOx Emission Control Areas in the U.S. at this time

Page 12 MARPOL Fuel Requirements n MARPOL Fuel Oil Quality requirements (Regulation 18) –Sets other requirements for fuel oil used onboard ships –Compliance is demonstrated through bunker delivery notes –These must be kept on board vessels subject to inspection requirements for 3 years n MARPOL Shipboard Incineration requirements (Regulation 16) –Ships can burn sewage sludge and sludge oil only if generated during the normal operation of a ship

Page 13 Additional Information n EPA’s website has copies of MARPOL Annex VI documents –The Annex –The NOx Technical Code –Frequently Asked Questions factsheet » n For additional questions on MARPOL:

Page 14 U.S EPA Requirements

Page 15 Background n EPA has set emission standards for most categories of nonroad engines –New standards for gasoline marine engines in 1996 –New standards for nonroad diesel and locomotive engines in 1998

Page 16 What’s In n Standards apply to engine manufacturer n For new engines installed on U.S.-flagged vessels – At or above 37 kW – Less than 30 L/cyl – Commercial only – Propulsion and auxiliary

Page 17 What’s Out n Engines made before the standards apply –Most remanufacturing is unaffected n Recreational engines n Engines on foreign-trade vessels

Page 18 Primary Emission Standards n Category 1 – All new engines < 5 liters/cylinder – Standards comparable to land-based Tier 2 levels n Category 2 – All new engines 5 to 30 liters/cylinder – Standards comparable to locomotive levels

Page 19 Tier 2 Standards

Page 20 Not-to-Exceed Standards n Manufacturers need to show engines are clean under real operating conditions – engine operation around propeller curve – range of ambient air and water conditions

Page 21 Illustration of Not-to-Exceed Zone

Page 22 Operator Responsibilities n New vessels need certified engines n Repower n Rebuilding/remanufacturing n Engine labels n Tampering n Warranty n Aftermarket parts

Page 23 Additional Information n EPA’s website will have copies of various fact sheets supporting the November 1999 final rulemaking –Emission Standards for New Commercial Marine Diesel Engines –Marine Diesel Engine Emission Standards: Scope of Application –Rebuilding Diesel Engines –Responsibilities for Marine Vessel Operators with EPA-Certified Engines –Organization of Gasoline and Diesel Marine Engine Emission Standards » n For additional questions on U.S. EPA requirements: