By Dr. Somchai Baimoung Director of Weather Forecast Bureau Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) Asian Monsoon Year 2008 (AMY08) Workshop September 3 rd -4 th 2007, Ramada Bintang Bali Resort, Bali, Indonesia The National Natural Disasters Warning Plan of Thailand

Seismic Network in Thailand

Router TMD Bangkok Provinces Diagram of Data transfer from a Seismic Station to TMD

INTERNET USER IP ADDRESS How the users can get the data (

Picture of Real Time Monitoring at Seismological Bureau Real time monitoringAnalysis software Seismological Bureau, Bangkok

Phase I 15 Digital Seismic Stations ( ) 8 Short Period Seismometers 7 Broadband Seismometers 15 Accelerometers 15 Data Acquisition Software TelecommunicationInstruments/Systems

Phase II 25 Digital Seismic Stations ( ) Instruments/Systems 15 Short Period Seismometers 10 Broadband Seismometers 25 Accelerometers Borehole Seismometer(s) Borehole Accelerometer(s) 20 Strong Motion Accelerometers Data Acquisition Software Telecommunication

Locations of Instruments ( Phase I & Phase II) PHASE I PHASE II SEISMIC STATION 15 STRONG MOTION 6 SEISMIC STATION 25 STRONG MOTION 20 GPS STATION 4 TIDE GAUGE STATION 9 BOREHOLE STATION 2

Capability for Earthquake Monitoring It had taken, at least, 20 minutes to identify the location of epicenter and size of magnitude when using the old network. Using the new network ( ), less than 5-10 minutes is expected to complete preliminary determination of an earthquake.

T i d a l G a u g e N e t w o r k i n T h a i l a n d

Old stations that will be upgraded New stations that will be installed Locations of Existing Tidal Gauge Stations

List of 9 TMD’s Future Tidal Gauge Stations

in Thailand Dart Buoy Deployment Dart Buoy Deployment Dart Buoy Deployment

Co-operation of USA (NOAA) + Thailand (NDWC) Responsible & Care for the people of the Indian Ocean rim The 1st Deployment of DART Buoy in the Indian Ocean to increase capability on the tsunami warning system of this region conducted during December 1-5, 2006 At 9  N, 89  E The launching ceremony was performed on December 1, by –H.E.Nitya Pibulsonggram, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Thailand, –H.E. Ralph L. Boyce, U.S. Embassy of Thailand.

Deploy at 9 ํ N 89 ํ E in Late 2006 Deploy at 0 ํ N 90 ํ E in Early 2007 A B C Site Plan of Buoy Locations x x Locations of Buoy Stations

Warning Towers for Multi-hazard Warnings in Thailand

Warning Towers Phase 1 (completed) : 76 towers installed in southern Thailand, west coast Phase 2 (completed) : 48 towers installed in southern Thailand, east coast Phase 3 : 144 towers will be installed in central, northern, & northeastern Thailand. Aim : A complete network of 268 warning towers in 76 provinces of Thailand to transfer alarm signals for natural disaster warnings through a satellite orbit

Proposed Thailand’s Integrated Early Warning System for beaches, hotels, schools, buildings, boats, & cars etc. National Disaster Warning Center Thailand Tsunami Warning Bangkok Disaster Control Center INMAR SAT Schools Hotels Ships & Boats Schools Hotels Ships & Boats

Diagram of Tsunami Early Warning Seismic Stations Digital TMD Analysis and Verify Tsunami (Magnitude, Epicenter, Depth) Natural Disaster Warning Center Remote sites (Siren towers) Governmental Agencies ASEAN, USA, India etc. Tidal Gauges Website (Internet) DARTS or Bouys in Andaman sea JMA Announce Mass Media Public Data Exchange By GTS Felt Earthquake in Thailand PTWC Phone Line, By GTS VSAT Live global network websites VSAT Over threshold or Abnormal Sign

Tsunami Warning Criteria Magnitude Depth of Hypocenter less than 100 km.more than 100 km Low possibility to generate Tsunami Advisory Low possibility to generate Tsunami Advisory Possibility to generate Tsunami Alert / Watching Low possibility to generate Tsunami Advisory High possibility to generate Tsunami Alert / Watching Possibility to generate Tsunami Alert / Watching > 7.8 Very high possibility to generate Tsunami Warning High possibility to generate Tsunami Alert / Watching Source : National Disaster Warning Center

Weather RADAR Network in Thailand

Weather RADAR Network So far, TMD has got 23 weather RADAR stations located in : 21 districts & provinces : Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Phitsanulok, Sakhon Nakhon, Khon Kaen, Ubon Ratchathani, Surin, Khao Khiew, Rayong, Bang Na, Hua Hin, Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi, Trang, Sathingphra, Hat Yai, Narathiwas 2 int’l airports in BKK : Don Muang Airport Suwannabhummi Airport TMD has got 2 portable RADARs & a mobile RADAR too.

Khao Khiew (Nakhon Nayok) Chiang Mai Chiang Rai Mae Hong Son Khon Kaen Surin Hua Hin Surat Thani Don Muang Airport (BKK) Suwannabhummi Airport (BKK) Sakhon Nakhon Rayong Chumphon Phuket Phitsanulok Ubon Ratchathani Sathingphra (Songkhla) Hat Yai (Songkhla) Krabi Ranong TMD (Bang Na, BKK) NarathiwasTrang RADAR before 2006 RADAR since 2006 Phetchaboon (2007)

Weather RADAR Network >> 18 out of 23 weather RADAR stations are included in TMD’s RADAR network. >> The RADAR at each station is either C-band or S-band, of which working radius is 240 km. >> 5 out of 23 weather RADARs stations are x-band RADARs which are manually operated for aviation purpose.

Weather RADAR Network 18 weather RADAR stations included in TMD’s RADAR network are located in : 16 districts & provinces : Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok, Sakhon Nakhon, Khon Kaen, Ubon Ratchathani, Surin, Rayong, Hua Hin, Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi, Sathingphra, Hat Yai, Narathiwas, Khao Khiew 2 int’l airports in BKK : Don Muang Airport Suwannabhummi Airport

Khao Khiew (Nakhon Nayok) Chiang Mai Chiang Rai Mae Hong Son Khon Kaen Surin Hua Hin Surat Thani Don Muang Airport (BKK) Suwannabhummi Airport (BKK) Sakhon Nakhon Rayong Chumphon Phuket Phitsanulok Ubon Ratchathani Sathingphra (Songkhla) Hat Yai (Songkhla) Krabi Ranong TMD (Bang Na, BKK) NarathiwasTrang C-band RADAR S-band RADAR X-band RADAR

Telemetering System in Thailand

Telemetering System in Thailand Establishment= since 1999 Purpose= flood forecasting and warning Coverage= 12 basins out of 25 basins nationwide Component= 161 observing stations = 125 rainfall stations + 36 hydrometeorological stations Data transfer= Each station  TMD’s Headquarters (BKK) every 15 min = Mostly by GPRS = Some by leased line, satellite & radio system

ัเ ิ ้ ิ่. ้ ั Pasak Basin ัุ Rainfall Stations (125) Water level Station (36) Rainfall & Water level Stations (161) Kok Basin Yom Basin Nan Basin Chi Basin Mun Basin Prachin Basin Petburi Basin Prachuab Basin Tapi Basin Songkhla Basin Thachin Basin TMD’s Telemetering Stations

TMD has been approved some other budget in the 2007 fiscal year for implementing the following projects : Telemetering-related Project in : Replacing voluntary rainfall stations in northern Thailand with telemetering stations (110 stations are designed for flood monitoring and warning covering critical flood risk areas.) : Replacing volunteer rainfall stations over Thailand with telemetering stations (820 stations are currently designed to cover the whole country.)

Future plan for improving The NWP activity in Thailand ( ) Hardware: Very High Performance Computer Models and data assimilation: Forecast models (Non-hydrostatic and Hydrostatic) -Forecast models (Non-hydrostatic and Hydrostatic) -Global Model: resolution 30 km or better -Southeast Asia Model: resolution 10 km or better -Thailand Model: resolution 3 km or better -Local Model: resolution 1 km or better -Climate Model: resolution 50 km or better with at least 8 Ensemble s used for long range weather forecast used for long range weather forecast -Climate Model: resolution 100 km or better with at least 8 Ensembles used for climate change prediction Data assimilation -Data assimilation -4 dimensional variation assimilation (4D-Var)

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