Tia Davison and Maddy Franciosi Computers 8

Carbohydrates Provides fuel Helps organ function Whole grains are better than white grains Body breaks them down into simple sugars Two main types: – Simple (sugars) – Complex (starches)

Carbohydrates (cont.) Simple Composed of one or two sugars Needs almost no digesting Found in fruits, syrups, juice, etc. Complex Composed of three or more sugars Keep us full and satisfied for longer Found in grains, beans, barley, etc.

Fats Keeps hair healthy and fingernails strong Develops brain and nervous system Helps the body use vitamins Three main types: – Unsaturated (good) – Saturated (bad) – Trans (worst)

Fats (cont.) Unsaturated Great for heart health Found in plant foods, fish, etc. Saturated Increases risks of heart disease Found in meat and other animal products Trans Raises cholesterol Found in snack, baked and fried foods

Protein Helps moves our legs and lungs Protects us from disease As we grow our intake should increase Muscles, organs, and immune systems are made of protein Two main types: – Complete – Incomplete

Protein (cont.) Complete In animal sources Contains all of the essential acids we need Found in meat, eggs, milk, etc. Incomplete In all vegetables Lacking one or more of the acids Found in carrots, broccoli, cucumber, etc.

Fibre Keeps our intestines working Reduces risks of diabetes and certain cancers Protects against constipation Too much cause discomfort, gas and bloating Two main types: – Soluble – Insoluble

Fibre (cont.) Soluble Absorbs water into intestines Sends cholesterol out of body Found in oats, beans, apples, etc. Insoluble Doesn’t dissolve in water Prevents constipation Found in bran, nuts, seeds, etc.

Vitamins Organic compounds essential for growth In most foods, healthier foods have more Two main types: – Fat soluble (A, D, E & K) Dissolve in fat Stored in body – Water soluble (C & B) Dissolve in water Pass through body

Vitamins (cont.) Vitamin A Helps eyesight & fights infections In orange & green fruits & veg Vitamin B 8 types Helps make energy & red blood cells In green veg, dairy, meat, grains, etc. Vitamin C Most animals can produce their own Helps cuts & body tissues heal In citrus fruits, green veg & red peppers

Vitamins (cont.) Vitamin D Helps body absorb calcium Keeps bones strong In milk, fish, eggs, etc. Vitamin E Helps fight off diseases Protects red blood cells & tissues In whole grains, vegetable oils, nuts, etc. Vitamin K Helps prevent heart disease Makes blood clot, it helps stop bleeding In green veg, dairy, etc.

Minerals Come from soil, cannot be created by living things Builds strong bones & transmits nerve impulses Two main types: -Macrominerals (calcium, sodium, etc.) Body needs a lot -Trace minerals (iron, zinc, etc.) Body doesn’t need a lot

Minerals (cont.) Macrominerals: Body needs large amounts Calcium: Builds strong bones - In dairy foods Iron: Helps red blood cells & oxygen move around - In red meats Sodium: Helps blood pressure & muscles - In meats, bread, cheese, etc. Potassium: Helps maintain proper fluid balance - In fruits, veg, nuts, etc.

Minerals (cont.) Trace minerals: Body needs a very little amount Copper: Helps maintain blood vessels - In seafood, veg, etc. Iodine: Helps produce energy - Also in seafood, veg, etc. Zinc: Helps cells & tissues - In meat, seafood, eggs, etc.

Water (H20) Is in almost every food 75% of our body weight Suppresses your appetite Helps bloodstream flow through vessels Regulates body temperature Carries nutrients & oxygen to cells Improves skin And much more

Bibliography eat/carbohydrates/ eat/carbohydrates/