ORFEUS OBSERVATORY COORDINATION WORKSHOP Seismic Networks and Acceleration Networks İstanbul, November 2012 The Strong-Motion Data in the Western Balkans Zoran Milutinovic Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” in Skopje Skopje, Macedonia

Contents  The Strong-Motion Data in the Western Balkans  Seismic Monitoring, Macedonia  The 3D Strong Motion Array, Ohrid Lake Macedonia

M RangeNo. of Eq. M ≤ ≤ M ≤ ≤ M ≤ ≤ M ≤ ≤ M ≤ 6.89 Total330 Period:

Soil TypeNo. of St.Color Rock33Dark brown Soil33Light brown Undefined34Yellow Total100 Free Field Strong Motion Stations

Instrumented Buildings # StoriesBHCRMKRS GF+012 GF+0411 GF+122 GF+131 GF+141 GF+152 GF+1811 GF+201 Total13

Instrumented Dams Dam TypeBHMKMNRSSI Gravity Dams15 Arch Dams11 Earth Dams51 Total14

MRATINJE DAM (HE PIVA) Pluzine, Montenegro Dam and spillways Type of damArch, double-curvature Height220 m Length268 m Crest width4.5 m Base width45 m Volume732,940 m 3 ImpoundsPiva River Reservoir CreatesPiva Lake Capacity880,000,000 m 3 Catchment area1,757.7 km 2 Surface area12 km 2 Power station Turbines3 x 120 MW Installed capacity360 MW

SALAKOVAC DAM (HE SALAKOVAC) Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina Dam and spillways Type of damGravity Height70 m Length Crest width Base width Volume ImpoundsNeretva River Reservoir Creates Capacity Power station Turbines3 x 70 MW Installed capacity210 MW

Period: Station Type# Sites/Instruments Free field100/100 Dam Body14 / 55 Buildings13 / 34 Total127 / 189

Description Acceleration (cm/s2) Velocity (cm/s) Displacement (cm) H. Component – – – H. Component – – – Vertical 1.47 – – – 8.94 Total length (s) 2.02 – Total No. of Records 495 Period:

Soil ConditionsRecordsStations Alluvium125 Rock2915 Stiff soil4615 Soft soil2213 Very soft soil147 Unknown3412 TOTAL15767 Period:

MK, Debar SO Station (Very Soft Soil) Litolo{ko-stratigrafski parametri [Litho-Stratigraphic Parameters] Fizi~ko-mehani~ki parametri [Velocity Profile] Kota [Depth] Debelina [Thickness] Geolo{ki stolb [Geologic Column] litplo{ki dominanten [Lithological Description] sostav dodatoci Vp (m/s) Vs (m/s) g (kN/m 2 ) T (sec.) +/- 0, Pesok (Sand) pesok so glina [Sand with Clay] ~akal i konglomerat [Gravel and Conglomerate] {krilci [Shale] At 30 meters Depth ( Vs 30, T 30 ) MN, Bar SO Station (Stiff Soil) Litolo{ko-stratigrafski parametri [Litho-Stratigraphic Parameters] Fizi~ko-mehani~ki parametri [Velocity Profile] Kota [Depth] Debelina [Thickness] Geolo{ki stolb [Geologic Column] litplo{ki dominanten [Lithological Description] sostav dodatoci Vp (m/s) Vs (m/s) g (kN/m 2 ) T (sec.) +/ Glina [Clay] Glina [Clay] glina i ~akal [Clay and Gravel] fli{ [Flysch] Varovnici [Limestones] At 30 meters Depth ( Vs 30, T 30 ) EU-SMDBEU-SMDB 35 (57)

Summary on Performed Site Specific Field Measurements and Laboratory Tests #RequirementDescription Qty [ToR v2.0] Qty [total] 1 Site Characterization Borehole (B30) Depth 30m, un-cased, sampling for dynamic laboratory and liquefaction susceptibility testing, three (3) samples per horizon; standard geotechnical report 70 2 Instrument placing Borehole (BI30) Depth 30m, cased, standard geotechnical report.77 3 Vs shear wave velocity measurements in B30 borehole Method: P.S. suspension logging, detail report.70 4 In citu rock properties in B30 borehole Pressuremeter (Elastmeter) test, for 3 selected boreholes, only -3 5 Shallow seismic refraction measurements Two (Nos. 2) orthogonal m, in total max 250m, geophysical profiles, data processing, report on litho- stratigraphic and geotechnical characteristics, and Vp and Vs velocity profile Ground noise measurements One (1) month continuous ground noise recording, data processing Soil Testing Laboratory Engineering properties of soils and soil index properties Soil Testing Laboratory Unconfined compressive strength test of rocks with (and without) deformation measurements (3) 9 Dynamic Soil Testing Laboratory Material curves [(G-  ), (  -  )] for characteristic soil materials Liquefaction susceptibility testing Sands from surface or near surface layers, only.3642

Schema of Geophysical Site Characterization Database Segment Including Internal/External Links with Other Seismic Database Tables

Criteria on Quality of Surface Geophysical Survey and Data Interpretation Quality Quality grade Surface Geophysical Survey combined with Excellent1 Borehole coupled with borehole geophysical (velocity profile) measurements (downhole, crosshole, PS suspension measurements) and laboratory testing of soil samples (moisture content, dry density, LL/PL, void ratio /porosity/). High2 Borehole coupled with in-citu measurement of soil/rock mechanical properties (SPT, CPT, elastmeter /Pressuremeter/) or corresponding laboratory testing of soil samples (UCST, other) Good3 Borehole coupled with in-citu SPT or CPT measurements of soil/soft rock mechanical properties and laboratory testing of soil samples (moisture content, dry density, LL/PL, void ratio /porosity/). Acceptable 4 Borehole coupled with lithology logging in accordance with ASTM D “Standard Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock” ( 5 Geophysical survey coupled with other non-invasive surface seismic techniques (point/array ground noise measurements) Nominal6 Standalone geophysical survey.

DATABASE

Seismic Monitoring, Macedonia

Seismotectonic and Maximum Observed Seismic Intensity Map

Strong Motion Network of Macedonia SMA-1 Accelerographs

NATO SfP | Improvements in the Harmonized Seismic Hazard Maps for the Western Balkan Countries NATO SfP | BSHAP

NATO SfP | Improvements in the Harmonized Seismic Hazard Maps for the Western Balkan Countries NATO SfP | BSHAP

The 3D Strong Motion Array, Ohrid Lake Macedonia

Commencement 1976 Realization in three phases: Phase I (1980 – 1985): oInvestigations: (Geotechnical, Geophysical, Hydrotechnical) oInstallation of the entire array Phase II (1986 – 1988): oTesting (excitations, field forced vibration, frequency range 2 – 40 cpc) Phase III (1989 – …….): oExploatation of the network oSeveral earthquakes (M = 5.0 – 5.5; Albania, Greece, Macedonia)

Plan of Sites of the Ohrid Lake Strong Motion Three Dimensional Array L1 - Building site; L2 and L3 ­characteristic soil; L4 - Outcroping rock

DENSE 3D STRONG MOTION ARRAY OHRID LAKE VALLEY Outcropping rock (3 Ch) Free field (9 Ch) Instrumented Building including the soil profile up to the bedrock (36 Ch) Foundation

Location-1: Building. 9th story Building. 6th story Foundation, Fl Fouodation, F2 Foundation, F3 Foundation, F4 Surface, S 1 Downhole, B1 (101 m) Downhole, B2 (22.9 m) Downhole, B3 (13 m) Location-2: Surface, S 1 Downhole, B1 (125 m) Downhole, B2 (22. m) Downhole, B3 (9,5 m) Location-3: Surface, S 1 Downhole, B1 (99.6 m) Downhole, B2 (21.5 m) Downhole, B3 (9 m) Location-4: Outcropping rock R1