THE CELLS THE INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
The smallest unit in living things that shows the characteristics of life; the basic building blocks of life.. THE CELL:
WHAT IS A CELLS FUNCTION? Each cell contain information (DNA) that is used as instructions for growth, functioning and development.
Plant CellAnimal Cell THE TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLS ARE:
WHAT ARE CELLS MADE OF? Made up of tiny membrane-bound structures called ORGANELLES. Each organelle is a specialized structure that carries out a specific role in the cell.
Serves as the control centre for a cell. If it is removed the cell dies. NUCLEUS
A double-layered, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the nucleus. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
Dense, granular bodies within the nucleus that produce ribosomes. NUCLEOLUS
Long thin strands of chromatin. The DNA in chromosomes is the hereditary material of the cell. CHROMOSOMES
The hereditary material of the cell. Chromatin is DNA bound to various proteins. Found in the nucleus. DNA
Separates the cell from its surrounding environment. Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell. CELL MEMBRANE
Secondary wall, found only in plant cells, that lies just outside the cell membrane and give the cell its structure and provides protection. CELL WALL
The watery material lying within the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus. CYTOPLASM
A system of fluid-filled canals that serve as paths for the transport of materials through the cell. Rough ER contains ribosomes on its surface. Smooth ER does not contain ribosomes. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Small particles in the cell where protein is made. RIBOSOME
Stacks of flattened membrane sacs that serve as processing, packaging and storage centers for the products released from the cell. GOLGI BODY
Small, sac like structures that digest and break- down materials in the cell. LYSOSOME
Round or slipper shaped organelles that release energy for the cell. Contains an inner membrane that is highly folded, forming cristae. MITOCHONDRION
Barrel shaped organelles that form spindle fibers to help chromosomes during cell division. Spindle fibers help separate chromosomes in cell division. CENTRIOLES
Projections from the cell that move material around the cell or move the cell itself. Flagella are longer and more ‘tail like’ than cilia. CILIA AND FLAGELLA
Fluid-filled organelles used for storage. The plant cell has a large vacuole. VACUOLE
Found only in plant cells. Contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Site of photosynthesis. CHLOROPLAST
THE JOBS OF CELLS Animal cells provide 2 essentially needed functions for any animal: 1)Movement: The ability of a cell to either move itself within an environment OR move the environment around it is essential to life. -All animals (with very rare exceptions) need to move in some way. -There are specialized cells that allow it to this. -These include nerve cells and muscle cells.
THE JOBS OF CELLS 2) Cells also need to be involved in nutrition for the animal. -They have to be able to take in materials, process them and either use them in the cell or release them for other cells to use. -Material either comes into cells (ENDOCYTOSIS) or is removed from cells (EXOCYTOSIS).