Heavy Metals in Products Improved measures and technological developments Petra Ekblom Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate Sufficiency and Effectiveness Review of the HM Protocol, UN/ECE

Petra Ekblom (Sweden) Petra Ekblom (Sweden) Patrick Chevalier (Canada) Patrick Chevalier (Canada) John Wilkins & Chuck French (United States) John Wilkins & Chuck French (United States) Edwin Koekkoek (Netherlands) Edwin Koekkoek (Netherlands) Hugh Morrow (International Cadmium Association) Hugh Morrow (International Cadmium Association) David Wilson (Lead Development Association) David Wilson (Lead Development Association)

Production of metals Manufacturing of products Incineration of waste and sewage sludge Recycling of products Use of products Landfills

Examples of Hg-emission estimates Electrical Components US (2004) Secondary steel Mills (automobil) Canada (1999) Incineration + direct emission Europe (1995) (incl. lamps) 9.1 tonnes/y 8.6 tonnes/y 46 tonnes/y Measuring Devices US (1995) Medical devices, incineration Canada (year ?) Hospital equipment, incineration + direct emission Europe (1995 /recent) 14.5 tonnes/y 0.29 tonnes/y 11 tonnes/ 8 tonnes/y

HM Protocol Annex VI Binding control measures Binding control measures Leaded petrol for on- road vehicles (0.013 g/l) Leaded petrol for on- road vehicles (0.013 g/l) Mercury in alkaline- manganese batteries Mercury in alkaline- manganese batteries Annex VII Guidance on management measures Para. 2 Hg, Cd and Pb Para. 3 Specific Hg-products

Improved measures and technological developments Mix of regulatory and non-regulatory measures Mix of regulatory and non-regulatory measures Restrictions, substitution, waste management, collection programmes, recycling; - Canada Wide Standards, Waste Programmes - US regulations and voluntary reduction programmes - EU Hg-strategy, Waste Legislation and Policies, Thematic Strategy on waste Restrictions, substitution, waste management, collection programmes, recycling; - Canada Wide Standards, Waste Programmes - US regulations and voluntary reduction programmes - EU Hg-strategy, Waste Legislation and Policies, Thematic Strategy on waste EU enlargement (EU-15 to EU-25) EU enlargement (EU-15 to EU-25) Hg-free alternatives available for almost all uses Hg-free alternatives available for almost all uses

Leaded Petrol All Parties have phased out the marketing for on-road vehicles All Parties have phased out the marketing for on-road vehicles Prohibitions with limit g/l Prohibitions with limit g/l Also most non-Parties Also most non-Parties Pb-free substitutes available for old vehicles / no substitute necessary Pb-free substitutes available for old vehicles / no substitute necessary On-going work to replace Pb-fuels for racing cars and aircraft On-going work to replace Pb-fuels for racing cars and aircraft

Mercury-containing Batteries 23 (/27) Parties have prohibitions + 7 signatories. 1 Party non-reg. 23 (/27) Parties have prohibitions + 7 signatories. 1 Party non-reg. EU Dir. limit % Hg by weight in batteries. Button cells <2% Hg exempted. EU Dir. limit % Hg by weight in batteries. Button cells <2% Hg exempted. Still >30 (?) tonnes Hg consumed in UNECE. Collection of button cells difficult. Still >30 (?) tonnes Hg consumed in UNECE. Collection of button cells difficult % Hg in button cells. Some Hg-free alternatives available % Hg in button cells. Some Hg-free alternatives available.

Para 3. Product Management Measures Mercury-containing Electrical Components Mercury-containing Electrical Components Mercury-containing Measuring Devices Mercury-containing Measuring Devices Mercury-containing Fluorescent Lamps Mercury-containing Fluorescent Lamps Mercury-containing Dental Amalgam Mercury-containing Dental Amalgam Mercury-containing Pesticides Mercury-containing Pesticides Mercury-containing Paint Mercury-containing Paint

Mercury-containing Electrical Components Most Parties have implemented measures Most Parties have implemented measures Prohibition on the marketing (EU RoHS-dir.) Prohibition on the marketing (EU RoHS-dir.) Regulation on waste handling (EU WEEE-dir.) Regulation on waste handling (EU WEEE-dir.) Collection and recycling Collection and recycling Hg-free alternatives available Hg-free alternatives available Consumption has decreased Consumption has decreased

Mercury-containing Measuring Devices Non-regulatory measures, in particular in the health care sector (substitution/waste handling) Non-regulatory measures, in particular in the health care sector (substitution/waste handling) A few Parties have nearly phased-out the use through prohibitions A few Parties have nearly phased-out the use through prohibitions EU ban for consumer use and fever thermometers is under negotiation EU ban for consumer use and fever thermometers is under negotiation Hg-free alternatives available for almost all uses Hg-free alternatives available for almost all uses 8 tonnes of Hg released to air each year in EU 8 tonnes of Hg released to air each year in EU Consumption has decreased Consumption has decreased

Mercury-containing Fluorescent Lamps No Hg-free alternatives yet available (except for LCDs) No Hg-free alternatives yet available (except for LCDs) Non-regulatory programmes on reduction of Hg-content, collection and recycling Non-regulatory programmes on reduction of Hg-content, collection and recycling Regulations on waste handling (US-laws, EU WEEE-dir.) Regulations on waste handling (US-laws, EU WEEE-dir.) EU RoHS-dir. sets limits on Hg-content (5-10 mg per lamp) EU RoHS-dir. sets limits on Hg-content (5-10 mg per lamp) 3 mg lamps on the EU-market. 3 mg lamps on the EU-market.

Mercury-containing Dental Amalgam Air emissions from sewage sludge (land application, incineration) and cremation Air emissions from sewage sludge (land application, incineration) and cremation Some Parties require separators at dental clinics Some Parties require separators at dental clinics A few Parties have use restrictions or guidelines A few Parties have use restrictions or guidelines OSPAR recommendation on BAT for crematorias OSPAR recommendation on BAT for crematorias Generally little change in use the last ten years Generally little change in use the last ten years Reductions in some countries and almost totally phased out in a couple of countries Reductions in some countries and almost totally phased out in a couple of countries Hg-free alternatives are available Hg-free alternatives are available

HM Protocol Annex VI Binding control measures Binding control measures Leaded petrol for on- road vehicles (0.013 g/l) Leaded petrol for on- road vehicles (0.013 g/l) Mercury in alkaline- manganese batteries Mercury in alkaline- manganese batteries Annex VII Guidance on management measures Para. 2 [Hg, Cd and Pb] Para. 3 Specific Hg-products

Production of metals Manufacturing of products Incineration of waste and sewage sludge Recycling of products Use of products Landfills

Production of Cd/CdO 3.9 tonnes/y Battery Production and Recycling 0.85 tonnes/y Municipal Incineration 3.2 tonnes/y Product related air emissions of cadmium in EU-16 : 8 tonnes/y (= 6.5 % of total Cd emissions) (EU Risk Assessment Report)

[Para 2. Product Management Measures] Hg, Cd, Pb in Sewage sludge (land application (Hg) and incineration) Hg, Cd, Pb in Sewage sludge (land application (Hg) and incineration) Hg, Cd, Pb in Packaging Hg, Cd, Pb in Packaging Hg, Cd, Pb in Vehicles Hg, Cd, Pb in Vehicles Cd and Pb in Batteries Cd and Pb in Batteries Cd and Pb in Electrical and Electronic equipment Cd and Pb in Electrical and Electronic equipment Cd as Surface treatment, Stabiliser and Pigment Cd as Surface treatment, Stabiliser and Pigment Pb Stabilisers Pb Stabilisers