Do Now Please answer the following HW question for your do now. How are gender segregation and zhenjie related? Explain in your own words. HW: Study for your quiz

Ancient China: The Shang Dynasty, ANOTHER River Valley Civilization! *

Overview 1. Origins of Chinese civilization 2. Features of the Shang civilization 3. Creation of the Mandate of Heaven 4. End of the Shang dynasty *

China & the Yellow River *

Why is the river yellow? *

Answer: Loess Loess is yellow, wind-blown dust from the desert that ended up in the river and colored its waters. *

The Yangshao and Longshan village societies Origins The Yangshao and Longshan village societies Yangshao (3000 BCE) People: -hunted, -reared animals -farmed (irrigation) -painted pottery Longshan (2200 BCE) People: -reared animals, -farmed (irrigation) -Made pottery from wheels *

Yangshao Society Longshan Society NOTE: THEY BOTH CLING TO THE YELLOW RIVER. *

Flooding & Farming were key! *

Yangshao 5,000-3,000 BCE Central Yellow River Cultivated mainly millet,rice, turnips, yams, cabbage, other vegetables Domesticated pigs, chickens, sheep, goats, cattle, dogs Decorative Pottery *

Longshan 3,000-2,000 BCE More advanced than the Yangshao people: Central/Lower Yellow River More advanced than the Yangshao people: Pottery Musical instruments Murals Copper bells Farming & Animal Husbandry *

Shang Civilization, 1528-1028 BCE 1st Chinese civilization Natural Barriers=Isolation Pacific Ocean to East Taklimakan Desert to West Gobi Desert to North Himalayan Mts. to South Focused on Yellow River: Floods resulted in fertile soil for farmers BUT floods routinely wiped out entire villages Called “THE GREAT SORROW” *

Consider:Ancient China’s relationship with the Yellow River. *Was Ancient China more like Ancient Egypt or Ancient Mesopotamia? (see above) *

Shang Cities *

Capitol City of Ao:(artist’s reconstruction) *

The First Shang Government T'ang, overthrew the decadent emperor Jie, the last of the (maybe mythical) Xia dynasty. He claimed Jie’s lack of virtue meant that he lost the ability to govern his people. Emperor T’ang *

GOVERNING IDEAL: The Mandate of Heaven The new dynasty establishes peace and is considered to have the mandate of Heaven. Mandate of Heaven - the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority New dynasty gains power and claims to have the Mandate of Heaven. Gradually, the dynasty declines and power grows weak. Dynastic Cycle New dynasty emerges as old dynasty is overthrown . Gregory Wolfson with Tobin and Erica Disasters occur and the dynasty grows weaker. Dynastic Cycle - the historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties Old dynasty is seen as having lost the Mandate of Heaven and rebellions break out. * *

The Emperor: Gov’t & Religion Emperors were seen as intermediaries between Di, dead ancestors, and Humankind. He made government decisions AND led religious rituals: Supervised dances designed to end droughts. Had dancers burned to please the gods. Di, the Sky God *

Gregory Wolfson with Tobin and Erica * *

Emperors and Nobles Nobles governed Peasants/ artisans as Vassals: Vassals are subordinate leaders who carried out a superior’s (the Emperor’s) orders. In return for local power, Nobles collected tribute (usually in the form of agricultural produce) that supported the emperor and his government. raised armies and waged war for the empire. *

[FOCUS ON THE SPIRIT WORLD] Shang Elite Culture [FOCUS ON THE SPIRIT WORLD] Nobility valued the predictions of Shamans/ Priests and Oracles. --Oracles were humans who channeled the will of the gods. Shang artists produced ritual objects used by oracles, warriors, families negotiating marriage alliances. *

Jade Carvings (Fish, Deer, Face, Tiger, Dragon) * *

Lesser Occupations Merchants Craftsmen Farmers Slaves Scholars Merchants Craftsmen Farmers Slaves What about women? *

Signs of Civilization: Writing Pictograms found on oracle bones Oracle bones were designed to predict the future and help rulers govern. Basis of modern Chinese script *

*Each character stands for an idea not a sound. A person needed to know over a 1,000 characters in order to be barely literate. A scholar needed to know around 10,000 characters. Gregory Wolfson with Tobin and Erica * *

Bronze Metallurgy •The Shang Dynasty is known as the Bronze Age of China. •Bronze was the source of Shang art, weapons, and tools. East Asian Bronze Age Timeline *

Shang Bronze Ritual Objects *

Gregory Wolfson with Tobin and Erica * *

Fu Hao bronzewares * *

Bronze Spearhead, Swords and Spoon * *

End of the Shang Dynasty Last Shang king, Zhou, was killed in 1100 BCE. The Shang lost the Mandate of Heaven in the eyes of the people. A new dynasty took over the direction of China. *

2 Epochs: Western Zhou (1027 – 771 BCE) Eastern Zhou (771-256 BCE) The Zhou Dynasty 2 Epochs: Western Zhou (1027 – 771 BCE) Eastern Zhou (771-256 BCE) *

Gregory Wolfson with Tobin and Erica The Shang and Zhou Dynasties helped China become a powerful and prosperous civilization. Gregory Wolfson with Tobin and Erica * *

Why was the Shang Dynasty considered the first Chinese “civilization”? Summary Question Why was the Shang Dynasty considered the first Chinese “civilization”? *