Highland Science Department Types of Solutions

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Solution: a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which one dissolves in the other homogeneous: one visible phase

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Solution: a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which one dissolves in the other homogeneous: one visible phase Solute: the substance that dissolves Solvent: the substance in which the solute dissolves (present in larger quantity)

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Solution: a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which one dissolves in the other homogeneous: one visible phase Solute: the substance that dissolves Solvent: the substance in which the solute dissolves (present in larger quantity) e.g. sugar watersolvent = water solute = sugar

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Aqueous Solution: solutions made by dissolving solutes in water

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Aqueous Solution: solutions made by dissolving solutes in water e.g. polar molecules such as sodium chloride

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Aqueous Solution: solutions made by dissolving solutes in water e.g. polar molecules such as sodium chloride Non-polar solvents: non-polar molecules (e.g. fats) dissolve in liquids that are non-polar e.g. carbon tetrachloride used in dry cleaning

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Aqueous Solution: solutions made by dissolving solutes in water e.g. polar molecules such as sodium chloride Non-polar solvents: non-polar molecules (e.g. fats) dissolve in liquids that are non-polar e.g. carbon tetrachloride used in dry cleaning Note: solutions can be: i. solid (alloys like brass made of copper & zinc) ii. liquid (vinegar made of acetic acid & water) iii. gas (air made of N 2, CO 2 & O 2 )

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Dilute Solution: contains a relatively small amount of solute compared to the amount of solvent Concentrated Solution: contains a relatively large amount of solute compared to the amount of solvent

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Solubility: a measure of the mass of solute that will dissolve in a given volume or mass of a solvent -if more of solute A can dissolve in a given amount of solvent than solute B, then solute A is said to be more soluble

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Solubility: a measure of the mass of solute that will dissolve in a given volume or mass of a solvent -if more of solute A can dissolve in a given amount of solvent than solute B, then solute A is said to be more soluble Soluble: a solid that dissolves easily in a given liquid

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Solubility: a measure of the mass of solute that will dissolve in a given volume or mass of a solvent -if more of solute A can dissolve in a given amount of solvent than solute B, then solute A is said to be more soluble Soluble: a solid that dissolves easily in a given liquid Insoluble: a solid that does not dissolve in a given liquid

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Solubility: a measure of the mass of solute that will dissolve in a given volume or mass of a solvent -if more of solute A can dissolve in a given amount of solvent than solute B, then solute A is said to be more soluble Soluble: a solid that dissolves easily in a given liquid Insoluble: a solid that does not dissolve in a given liquid Slightly soluble: a solid that falls between that of soluble and insoluble

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions insolubleslightly solublesoluble solubilty g/100 mL

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Precipitate: a solid that forms in a solution

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Precipitate: a solid that forms in a solution Unsaturated: a solution containing less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Precipitate: a solid that forms in a solution Unsaturated: a solution containing less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature Saturated: a solution containing the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature

Highland Science Department Types of Solutions Precipitate: a solid that forms in a solution Unsaturated: a solution containing less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature Saturated: a solution containing the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a particular temperature Supersaturated: a solution containing more dissolved solute than it would if it were saturated