Digestive & Urinary System Essential Question: What is the purpose of the digestive system? Ch. 17 – Lesson 1 Standard: 1.1.6 – Students will analyze the effect of behaviors & habits relating to diet & other choices on various systems like the digestive system. I Can Statement: I can learn more about my body systems and the purpose they have.

What’s your Health Status? Answer yes, no, sometimes I eat foods that are low in fat & high in fiber everyday. I limit my intake of salty foods, high sugar snacks and soft drinks. I avoid using food as a way of coping with my emotions. I brush my teeth at least twice a day and floss at least once a day.

Health Status – cont. 5. I chew each bite of food thoroughly before swallowing. 6. I wash my hands before preparing food or eating. 7. I do not use laxatives except when recommended by a health professional. 8. I drink at least 8 – 8 ounce glasses of water each day.

Health Status – cont. 9. I seek medical attention when diarrhea persists for more than 48 hours. 10. If necessary, I would discuss with a health care professional any changes in urine color or odor, as well as any changes in frequency of urination.

The Digestive System Draw-describe the path that food takes from the time you ingest it until it is eliminated from the body.

Functions of the Digestive System 3 Main Processes Digestion Absorption Elimination

Structures of the Digestive System Process begins in the mouth Ingestion, 1st stage Structures involved in ingestion 1(teeth) 2(Salivary glands) 3(tongue)

The Esophagus When swallowed, food enters here. A muscular tube about 10 inches long. Connects pharynx with the stomach.

Peristalsis A series of involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. Action is like a wave moving through the muscle to push food & fluid through.

Sphincter Muscle/The Stomach Sphincter: Located at the entrance to the stomach allows food to move from the esophagus into the stomach. Stomach: Flexible organ (food may stay in stomach up to 6 hours) Stomach expands when you eat Stomach is a hollow, saclike organ enclosed in a muscular wall

3 Tasks in Digestion 1. Mixing foods with gastric juices; helps digest proteins; kills bacteria 2. Hydrochloric Acid: strong enough to dissolve metal. Mucous forms to protect lining of stomach. 3. Storing swallowed food & liquid. 4. Moving food into the small intestine. Food is converted to chyme.

The Pancreas, Liver & Gallbladder Pancreas: produces enzymes that breakdown carbs, fats & proteins Liver: produces bile to breakdown & absorb fats. Gallbladder: at mealtime bile is secreted from here & mixes with fats.

The Small Intestine 20 to 23 feet long 1 inch in diameter Consists of 3 parts: 1 (Duodenum) 2 (Jejunum) 3 ( ileum) Inner wall contains villa (fingerlike projections; nutrients sent here)

The Liver The liver is the body’s heaviest gland & largest organ after the skin. Produces bile and removes toxins such as alcohol from the blood.

Large Intestine Undigested parts of food pass into the colon 2.5 inches in diameter 5 – 6 feet long Absorbs water; vitamins and salts Eliminate wastes

Ch. 17 – Lesson 2 Care & Problems of the Digestive System Essential Question: What problems should we be aware of with our digestive system? Standard: 1.1.6 – Students will analyze the effect of individual behaviors, choices & habits relating to diet on various body systems like the digestive system.

Health Behaviors Eat nutrient rich foods Healthy eating habits reduce risk of problems with digestion Choose high fiber foods Low in fat Wash hands before eating Eat slow; chew thoroughly Drink 8 glasses of water Don’t eat when emotional

Problems of Digestive System Minor discomfort caused by indigestion Upset stomach Bacterial infections Food borne illnesses appendicitis

Digestion Problems Indigestion: feeling of discomfort in the upper abdomen, caused by eating too much, eating too quickly, spicy food, high fat content, stress. Heartburn: burning sensation in center of chest; acid reflux, hiatal hernia (stomach pushes through an opening. Gas: produced by carbs/cramps Constipation: bowel movements become difficult, caused by not drinking enough water, need more fiber in diet.

Ch. 17 – Hands on Health (pg. 449) Make Posters – Hands on Health Follow instructions – Get a partner or small group Poster Board etc – Present & hang up in class (Work on these at school)

Research – Structural Problems Lesson 2 Do a research paper on these topics and a poster (3 to a group) Gallstones Cirrhosis Appendicitis Crohns disease Gastritis Colon cancer Lactose intolerance Colitis Peptic ulcer Hemorrhoids Tooth Decay

The Urinary System Ch. 17 – Lesson 3 Essential Question: What are the structures & functions of the urinary system? Standards: 1.1, 1.3, 1.1.6 Students will analyze effects of individual behavior choices & habits relating to various systems.

Urinary System Facts The kidneys use filtration to cleanse the blood. The urinary system removes liquid waste. Problems in the urinary system, if left untreated, can affect the entire body and may result in death when severe.

Functions of the Urinary System Main function: filter waste Filters extra fluid from blood Urine is liquid waste material excreted from the body Urine contains water and body wastes that contain nitrogen; can become toxic to cells if it remains in the body too long

Kidneys Bean shaped organ Size of fist Near the middle of back, just below rib cage Removes waste from blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons (functional unit of the kidney)

Kidney – cont. Contains 1 million nephrons Each nephron consists of a ball formed of capillaries called a glomerulus; and a small tube called a renal tubule that functions as a filtering funnel. They monitor & maintain body acid base and water balance The urinary system filters 50 gallons of blood and produce 1 to 2 quarts of urine each day.

Vocabulary – Ch. 17 Ureters: tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder, 8 to 10 inches long. Urine is passed from ureter to the bladder every 15 seconds. Bladder: a hollow muscular organ that acts as a reservoir for urine. Urethra: the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body. Pg. 455: Exploring health issues (turn-in) Read – write short answer to ACTIVITIES & QUESTIONS 1 and 2

Health Behaviors & The Urinary System Drink 8 – 8 ounce glasses of water a day Eat well balanced diet Practice good hygiene & personal health care Have regular health – medical check ups. Report an changes of color or odor of urine.

Problems of Urinary System Infection Blockage of Urine Cystitis: inflammation of the bladder caused by bacteria Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra caused by bacteria Symptoms of both is: burning pain during urination, increased frequency of urination, fever, presence of blood in urine Treatment: antibiotics

Kidney Problems Can be Life Threatening! Nephritis Kidney stones: Calcium deposits (pass or treatment required) Uremia: serious, decrease of blood filtering

Kidney Failure Hemodialysis: artificial kidney removes wastes from blood Peritoneal dialysis: a catheter; tube provides passage way for fluids. Inserted into abdominal wall to remove toxins. Kidney transplant: replacement by a donor

Ch. 17 – Lesson 4 & 5 Lesson 4: Ch. 17 Review: Pg. 460 Exploring Health Terms 1-12 Recalling the Facts 1-12 Lesson 5: Thinking Critically – 461 Answer # 1 Answer # 2 Answer # 3