Basic Sentence Punctuation

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Presentation transcript:

Basic Sentence Punctuation Basic Sentence Punctuation

Types of Sentences Simple: one independent clause Compound: two or more independent clauses Complex: one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses Compound-complex: two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

Types of Clauses A clause contains a subject and a predicate (verb+other elements) Independent clause: a complete thought Jack and Jill went up the hill. Jack fell down and broke his crown. Dependent clause: an unfinished thought Subordinate conjunction: When Jack fell down Relative pronoun: that Jack went up

Simple Sentence: one independent clause Declarative sentence: Jack and Jill went up the hill. Jack fell down and broke his crown. Interrogative sentence: Who went up the hill? Exclamatory sentence: Jill came tumbling after!

Compound sentences – two or more independent clauses Connected with a co-ordinate conjunction – and, or, nor, but, yet, so, for: Jack fell down and Jill came tumbling after. No co-ordinate conjunction: Jack fell down Jill came tumbling after. , ;

Compound Sentence Punctuation Errors Run-on (ro) sentence: independent clauses connected with a coordinate conjunction but no comma: Jack fell down and Jill came tumbling after. Fused (fused) sentence: independent clauses bumping into each other: Jack fell down Jill came tumbling after. Comma splice (cs): use of a comma where a semi-colon is needed Jack fell down, Jill came tumbling after.

Complex sentence – one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses Independent followed by dependent: Jack broke his crown when he fell down. Dependent followed by independent: When Jack fell down he broke his crown. Dependent inserted into independent: Jack who fell down the hill broke his crown. , , ,

Compound-complex sentence – two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses , When Jack fell down he broke his crown and Jill came tumbling after. ,

Simple Rules Independent, and independent. Independent; independent. Independent, and independent. Independent; independent. Dependent, independent. Independent dependent. Cartoon by Bob Staake