Government Chapter 8 Public Opinion Participation

Political Socialization The process by which people come to acquire political attitudes and values. Socialization in childhood has been extensively studied. Children first acquire warm feelings towards authority figures who might appear in fairy stories (such as queens and princesses).

Political Socialization Similarly warm feelings to elected officials (presidents, prime ministers) emerge later, party identification later again, and something like a reasoned ideology not until well into the teenage years. The earliest socialization is believed to be the deepest. Therefore one's awareness of one's sex and ethnicity precedes anything more directly political. Each layer of socialization colors those that come afterwards.party identificationideology

Public Opinion he collective opinion of many people on some issue, problem, etc., esp. as a guide to action, decision, or the like. Public consensus, as with respect to an issue or situation.

Ideologies The body of ideas reflecting the social needs and aspirations of an individual, group, class, or culture. A set of doctrines or beliefs that form the basis of a political, economic, or other system.

DEMOCRATIC IDEOLOGIES In recent decades, the party has adopted a centrist economic and socially progressive agenda, with the voter base having shifted considerably. Today, Democrats advocate more social freedoms, affirmative action, balanced budget, and a free enterprise system tempered by government intervention (mixed economy). The economic policy adopted by the modern Democratic Party, including the former Clinton administration, has been referred to as the "Third Way".[12] The party believes that government should play a role in alleviating poverty and social injustice and use a system of progressive taxation.centristsocially progressiveaffirmative actionbalanced budgetfree enterprisegovernment interventionmixed economyClinton administrationThird Way[12]social injustice progressive taxation

MODERATES In politics and religion, a moderate is an individual who is not extreme, partisan or radical.[1]politicsreligionextremepartisan radical[1] Aristotle favored conciliatory politics dominated by the centre rather than the extremes of great wealth and poverty or the special interests of oligarchs and tyrants.[Aristotle[

LEFTIST In politics, left-wing, leftist and the Left are generally used to describe support for social change with a view towards creating a more egalitarian society.[1][2] The terms Left and Right were coined during the French Revolution, referring to the seating arrangement in parliament; those who sat on the left generally supported the radical changes of the revolution, including the creation of a republic and secularizationpoliticsegalitarian[1][2]Right French Revolutionradical changesrepublicsecularization

OPEN END QUESTION Open-ended questions are one of the most important tools for those who sell (as long as you listen). They help you gather information, qualify sales opportunities, and establish rapport, trust and credibility.

OPEN END QUESTION If you consider yourself a professional, own (absolutely know) a repertoire of powerful open-ended questions… questions that are answered by more than a simple yes or no… questions where the prospect/ customer gets directly involved in the sales discussion.

CLOSED END QUESTION A closed-ended question is a form of question which can normally be answered using a simple "yes" or "no", a specific simple piece of information, or a selection from multiple choices.questionanswered informationmultiple choices Examples include: Question: Do you know your weight? Answer: Yes. Question: What is your weight? Answer: 167 lbs.

CLOSED END QUESTION Close-ended questions can be used for clarifying facts, verifying information already given or controlling a conversation, among other things. Examples of closed-ended questions: Do you get along with your supervisor? Is that a photograph of your children?

POLLS 57% of Likely Voters Describe Democratic Congressional Agenda As Extreme57% of Likely Voters Describe Democratic Congressional Agenda As Extreme 27% Looking For Job Outside Current Company27% Looking For Job Outside Current Company

POLLS Just 28% of California Voters Now Have Favorable View of WatersJust 28% of California Voters Now Have Favorable View of Waters Only 4% Have Gambled on the Internet; 44% Think It Should Be IllegalOnly 4% Have Gambled on the Internet; 44% Think It Should Be Illegal 59% Say A-Bombing of Hiroshima, Nagasaki Was A Good Decision59% Say A-Bombing of Hiroshima, Nagasaki Was A Good Decision Scorecard Ratings: Governor's Races in 13 States Now Seen As Toss-UpsScorecard Ratings: Governor's Races in 13 States Now Seen As Toss-Ups

POLLING POINT Barack Obama has now spent 1 year in office as President. We want to hear how you think he is doing so far. Do you approve or disapprove of the way Barack Obama is handling the job of President? Strongly Approve Somewhat Approve Somewhat Disapprove Strongly Disapprove Not Sure

SAMPLING Sampling is the process of selecting units (e.g., people, organizations) from a population of interest so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize our results back to the population from which they were chosen. Let's begin by covering some of the key terms in sampling like "population" and "sampling frame."key terms in sampling

SAMPLING Then, because some types of sampling rely upon quantitative models, we'll talk about some of the statistical terms used in sampling. Finally, we'll discuss the major distinction between probability and No probability sampling methods and work through the major types in each.statistical terms used in samplingprobabilityNo probability

BELL CURVE The Bell Curve is a best-selling 1994 book by the late Harvard psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein and American Enterprise Institute political scientist Charles Murray. Its central argument is that intelligence is a better predictor of many factors including financial income, job performance, unwanted pregnancy, and crime than parents' socioeconomic status or education level.Harvardpsychologist Richard J. HerrnsteinAmerican Enterprise Institutepolitical scientist Charles Murraypregnancysocioeconomic status

BELL CURVE Also, the book argues that those with high intelligence, the "cognitive elite", are becoming separated from those of average and below-average intelligence and that this is a dangerous social trend.cognitive elite

BELL CURVE The Bell Curve, published in 1994, was written by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray as a work designed to explain, using empirical statistical analysis, the variations in intelligence in American Society, raise some warnings regarding the consequences of this intelligence gap, and propose national social policy with the goal of mitigating the worst of the consequences attributed to this intelligence gap.

BELL CURVE Many of the assertions put forth and conclusions reached by the authors are very controversial, ranging from the relationships between low measured intelligence and anti-social behavior, to the observed relationship between low African-American test scores (compared to whites and Asians)

INDEPENDENT 1. Not governed by a foreign power; self- governing. 2. Free from the influence, guidance, or control of another or others; self-reliant: an independent mind. 3. Not determined or influenced by someone or something else; not contingent: a decision independent of the outcome of the study.

Independent 4. often Independent Affiliated with or loyal to no one political party or organization. 5. Not dependent on or affiliated with a larger or controlling entity: an independent food store; an independent film