Unit 4: 3 rd –io and 4 th Conjugation Verbs in the Present Tense Notes 4.3

Learning Goals: By the end of the lesson students will be able to: 1.Recognize verbs that are 3 rd –io and 4 th conjugation verbs. 2.Explain the similarities and differences between 3 rd –io and 4 th conjugation verbs. 3.Conjugate and translate 3 rd –io and 4 th conjugation verbs in the present tense.

Okay…let’s recap the last lesson: 1.The infinitive is the 2 nd p. part of the verb. a.The infinitive ends with –re. 1)-are = 1 st 2)-ēre = 2 nd 3)-ere = 3 rd b.The infinitive translates using to. 2.3 rd conjugation verbs have a weak stem vowel. 3.The stem vowel changes to create balance: a.-i (for all but 3 rd plural) b.-u (for 3 rd plural)

Let’s add some to that. The next conjugation of verb is called 3 rd –io. This type of verb is recognizable by 2 characteristics: The 1 st p. part ends in –io (thus the name!) The 2 nd p. part ends in –ere where the –e is short. Example: Capio, -ere, cepi, captus – take, seize Everything that happens to 3 rd conjugation also happens to 3 rd –io.

But there’s a catch! With 3 rd –io verbs, as well as the weak stem vowel, we have the added problem of an extra vowel in the stem (-i) which is going to be a potential trouble spot. When following the conjugation rule the weak –e changes to –i. This stem vowel will meet the –i from the 1 st p. part, and the two will merge into one. Whenever 2 vowels of the same length meet, they merge into 1

capio, -ere, cepi, captus– take, seize Bring down the 1 st p. part. to the 2 nd p. part / drop the –re. Change the stem vowel & MERGE* Add the endings capio capis t mus capi tis *capiu nt - I seize - you seize - h/s/i seizes - we seize - you seize - they seize Let’s see what happens when we conjugate a 3 rd –io verb: capere - to seize *The last one doesn't merge because the –i is not the same as the –u. Only vowels that are the same can merge.

4 th Conjugation The last group of verbs is called 4 th conjugation. I call it the “copy cat” conjugation because it likes to do almost exactly what 3 rd –io does. (It’s different in only 1 place.) 4 th conjugation verbs also end in –io in the 1 st p. part. The 4 th conjugation infinitive ends in –ire. Example: audio, -ire, -ivi, -itus - hear

audio, -ire, audivi, auditus– hear Bring down the 1 st p. part. to the 2 nd p. part / drop the –re. Change the stem vowel & MERGE* Add the endings audio audis t mus audi tis *audiu nt - I hear - you hear - h/s/i hears - we hear - you hear - they hear Let’s see what happens when we conjugate a 4 th conjugation verb: audire - to hear I get it!

A quick overview now that we’ve seen all the types of verbs: 1.1 st conjugation is the easiest. Infinitive = -are; stem vowel = -a and nothing to worry about. 2.2 nd conjugation is also easy. Infinitive = -ēre. Also nothing to worry about. 3.3 rd conjugation is a problem. Infinitive = -ere. Stem vowel = -e which is weak. The weak vowel changes to –i/-u. 4.3 rd conjugation –io also tricky. Infinitive = -ere AND 1 st p. part ends in –io. Stem vowel = -e which is weak. The weak vowel changes to –i/-u and merges with the –i from the 1 st p. part, except in 3 rd plural. 5.4 th conjugation is the copycat. It mimics 3 rd –io. Infinitive = -ire. Stem vowel is –i which merges with the –i from the 1 st p. part except 3 rd plural which changes to –u.

My level of understanding Learning Goal 4 I can recognize a verb that’s 3 rd –io or 4 th conjugation; I can explain the similarities between the two conjugations; AND I can conjugate and translate both 3 rd –io and 4 th conjugation verbs in the present tense without my notes. 3 I can recognize a verb that’s 3 rd –io or 4 th conjugation; I can explain the similarities between the two conjugations; AND I can conjugate and translate both 3 rd –io and 4 th conjugation verbs in the present tense with my notes. 2 I can recognize verbs that are 3 rd –io or 4 th conjugation by their stem vowels; AND I can explain the similarities and differences between the two conjugations. 1 I can recognize verbs that are 3 rd –io or 4 th conjugation by their stem vowels. Quid ago? How am I doing?

Class Practice 4.3 Make a poster on which you conjugate a verb from each conjugation. Choose any verbs that you like – 1 from each conjugation. You may not use the verbs I use for examples in the notes! Use 3 colors: a darker color for the root and the translation; a lighter color for the stem vowel; another lighter color for the ending. Include the infinitive and its translation for each.