Post New Nationalism/Unification Themes to 1914 Full franchise/suffrage –Women’s suffrage movement grew New Nationalist Conservative Leaders Increase Int’l Tension –Attempts to win over domestic mob often pits countries against each other –Rising tariffs, for example Growing Persecution of Minority Groups –An outgrowth of nationalism and Social Darwinism Rise of the Welfare State –Prussia first –Conservative Nationalist effort to maintain popular support Revisionists versus Marxists –Revisionists Real wages are going up for workers Marx was wrong We must revise Marx to work within the system Social programs and Unions –Marxists The revisionists are bourgeois toadies! When the revolution comes, we will slit your throats, too. –Many socialists will choose nationalism in WWI

Cook’s Tour of Late 19 th Century Europe

Germany Unified Exploding industrialization –‘the arms of Krupp’ Strong Socialist Movements –Bismarck Responds, Increasing social programs –Germany has first anywhere social security Kaiser William II is a foolish fool who foolishly fires Bismarck

France French Humiliation –Napoleon III had fallen –Loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany –Liberals/Radicals in Paris revolt (‘Paris Commune’) but were crushed by conservative forces France as Republic –Unity for a while, but damaged by Dreyfus Affair That story is in a later lecture –Conservatives and Liberal/Radicals were at odds as WWI approached

England Splendid Isolation Focus on Atlantic economy (and eventually imperialism) Growing suffrage and liberal reforms Irish problem –Protestant Ulsterites v Catholic –‘No Home Rule’ poster

Austria-Hungary Dual monarchy Torn by conflicting national ambitions True also of Ottoman Empire!

Russia Not truly modern –Like Austria-Hungary, weakened by nationalism –Further weakened by ‘backwardness’ and serfdom 90% are agricultural Open field system Loss of Crimean War Forces Russia to Make Tough Steps Toward Modernization –Proof of European ‘Balance of Power’ desires to keep Russia weak –Also touched off by holy land issue –Serf system change to communal land system… still inefficient –This was an attempt to prevent a flood to the cities of landless Proletariat, who, as we’ve seen, are a destabilizing force

Russia (Continued) Assassination of Tsar Alexander II Ended Political Modernization Economic modernization continued –Trans Siberian Railroad –4 th leading world producer of Steel –Half of the world’s oil 1905 Revolution –Sparked by ultra-humiliating loss to Japan –Bloody Sunday –Revolution follows the pattern… revolutionaries can’t agree –Duma set up, but rigged so that it was basically just a mouthpiece for the Tsar

USA Manifest Destiny –Completed by defeat of Mexico and Northern victory in the Civil War Exploding industrialization –Perhaps built on the backs of slave cotton U.S. Becomes a World Player

HansenName ____________________ AP Euro Post New Nationalism/Unification Themes ( Note-Taking Guide) Broad Themes Full franchise/suffrage –________________________ movement grew New Nationalist Conservative Leaders Increase _______________ _________________ –Attempts to win over ______________ often ______________ against each other –________________________, for example Growing Persecution of __________________________ –An outgrowth of nationalism and Social Darwinism Rise of the Welfare State –_____________________ –______________________________ effort to maintain popular support Revisionists versus Marxists –Revisionists Real wages ____________________for workers ________________________________ We must revise Marx to work __________________ Social programs and _____________ –Marxists The revisionists are _______________________ ! When the revolution comes, we will __________ ____________________, too. –Many socialists will choose ________________________ Cook’s Tour of Late 19 th Century Europe Germany –_____________________ –Exploding industrialization ‘the arms _____________________’ –Strong Socialist Movements Bismarck Responds, Increasing social programs Germany has first anywhere –________________________ –Kaiser William II is a _____________________________ __________________________________ Bismarck France –French Humiliation _____________________________________ Loss of _______________________ to Germany Liberals/Radicals in Paris revolt (‘______________’) but ________________by conservative forces –France as Republic Unity for a while, but damaged by ______________ –That story is in a later lecture Conservatives and Liberal/Radicals were at odds as _________________________ England –Splendid Isolation _________________________________________ –Focus on _____________________ (and eventually imperialism) –Growing suffrage and liberal reforms –__________________ Protestant Ulsterites v Catholic –___________________________________ ‘No Home Rule’ poster Austria-Hungary –__________________________ –Torn by conflicting national ambitions –True also of Ottoman Empire! Russia –Not truly modern Like Austria-Hungary, weakened by nationalism Further weakened by ‘backwardness’ and serfdom –90% __________________________ –__________________ system –Loss of _________________________ Forced Russia to Make Tough Steps Toward ___________________ Proof of European ‘Balance of Power’ desires ___ ___________________________________ Also touched off by ____________ issue Serf system changed to communal land system… _________________________ This was an attempt to prevent a flood to the cities of ____________________________, who are destabilizing

Russia (cont.) _____________________________________________ Ended Political Modernization Economic modernization continued –_____________________ Railroad –4 th leading world producer ___________ –Half of the world’s oil 1905 Revolution –Sparked by ______________________________________ _______________________________________________ –Bloody Sunday ______________________________________________ –Revolution follows the pattern… revolutionaries __________ ______________ –_________________ set up, but rigged so that it was basically just a mouthpiece _____________________ USA –_________________________________ Completed by defeat of Mexico and Northern victory in the Civil War –Exploding industrialization Perhaps built on the backs of ___________________ –U.S. Becomes a _________________________