1. Age of Nationalism

2. France of Napoleon III
Used liberal and nationalistic forces to strengthen his own power
2nd Empire - wins support of people
Gov looked liberal but strongly authoritarian
kept constitution, leg, universal male suffrage
Nap. controlled armed forces, secret police and legislature could not initiate leg or budget

3. 2nd Empire Domestic Policies
Gov to spur economy - railroads, harbors, canals
hospitals and free medicine for working class
reconstruction of city of Paris - broad streets
1860s liberalization
legalize trade unions and right to strike
Leg Corps given more say in affairs of state

4. Foreign Policy Failures
Crimean War - Eastern Question - instability of Ottoman Empire ( )
Major Powers compete for political and economic interests in region
1853 spark - Russia wants right to protect Christian shrines in Palestine
GB & FR declare war on Russia to balance
Rus expected help from Austria but no dice

5. Crimean War cont.
Nicholas I dies during war Alexander II calls for peace
Effects:
destroyed Concert of Europe
Rus pulls back to get house in order
GB pulls back from Continental affairs
Aus w/o friends - conditions for IT & GER unification

7. Unification of Italy
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont leads w/ new king - Victor Emanuel II - Cavour his Prime Min.
Cavour - goal of unified N. Italy - constitutional monarchy
gets Nap III to help but backs out
only gains Lombardy
1860 nationalist uprisings other northern states join Piedmont

8. Enter Garibaldi Old School from Mazzini’s Young Italy
Red Shirts ,000 strong move north
Cavour gets Garibaldi to yield - fear French would get involved if march on Rome
1861 Kingdom of Italy minus Rome & Venetia
still small minority of men vote & class division industrial N vs agrarian S

9. German Unification Prussia takes the lead - Zollverein 1834
universal male suffrage, industrial success
1861 King William I - wants to reform army
appoints Otto von Bismarck PM
Biz - Realpolitik - resubmits army bill w/ “iron and blood” speech
rejected but starts army reform anyway

10. Biznass - the game chose him
Utilize diplomacy/politics - get enemy 1 v 1
Danish War - provide source for later war w/ Austria
Isolates Austria
Rus - no problem still hacked about Crimea
FR - Nap III promised land in Rhineland
IT - Promised Venetia if Aus lost

11. Austro-Prussian War Prussian military reforms pay off
Biz not want to punish Aus too harshly
Aus lost Venetia to Italy
States N of Main River - German Confed
States S - military alliance w/ Prussia
Turning Point in Domestic Affairs - nationalism wins out - trumps liberalism

12. Franco-Prussian War France not excited by idea of German Uni
Nap III - opposed Hohenzollern candidate for Spanish crown
Biz goads France into war - Ems Telegram
Biz wanted S. German states to join
France declares war - loses in months

13. Results End of 2nd Republic in France pay 5 billion francs
Give up A & L *** source of anger later
S. German states join confederation
William I - kaiser of 2nd Reich
Bundesrat - elected by states
Reichstag - popularly elected