The ELI-NP project: Towards experiments with intense gamma- beams * Dimiter L. Balabanski (ELI-NP/IFIN-HH) * This work is supported by Extreme Light Infrastructure – Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) – Phase I, a project co-financed by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund. 1 NEC’2013 Conference, Sept. 9 th – 16 th, 2013, Varna, Bulgaria

Where is ELI-NP ? Bucharest 4km Magurele Φ = 800 m IFIN-HH ELI-NP 2

Portfolio of the National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH) ELI-NP γ-ray facility: two 10 PV lasers and an intense (10 13 γ/s) γ beam of 0.1% bandwidth (under construction); 9 MV Tandem Van-de-Graaff accelerator; 3 MV and 1 MV Tandetrons (commissioned in 2012); 19 MeV (commissioned in 2013) and 13 MeV cyclotrons; Gamma-ray irradiation facility; Radioactive waste treatment plant; Research reactor (decommissioning project). IFIN-HH applies for TNA status within the Horizon 2020 ENSAR-2 project 3

ROmanian array for SPectroscopy in HEavy ion Reactions (ROSPHERE) Few configurations envisaged: Mixed array with 15 50% HPGe detectors with BGO shields and LaBr 3 (Ce) scintillators 25 HPGe detectors array combined with a plunger device 4

5 Extreme Light Infrastructure – Nuclear Physics

6 Time-line of the project 2005: Initiation of the ELI project, aiming at the generation of the most intense light pulses; 2007: The ELI project was identified by ESFRI as top priority research infrastructure for Europe; November 2007: A 36-month ELI Preparatory Phase project supported by EC; May 2009: Four main branches of research and applications were identified: February 1 st – 2 nd, 2010: ELI-NP Workshop, Bucharest; March 21 st, 2010: ELI-NP White Book ( July 4 th, 2012: ELI-NP was approved by the Romanian government; September 18 th, 2012: ELI-NP was approved by the European Commission; 2012: Public tender procedures for civil construction, gamma-beam and high-power laser systems were open; 2017: ELI-NP is expected to start operations !

GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA Structural Instruments Sectoral Operational Programme „Increase of Economic Competitiveness” “Investments for Your Future” Extreme Light Infrastructure – Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) - Phase I Project co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund Implementation Status NEC’2013 Conference, Sept. 9 th – 16 th, 2013, Varna, Bulgaria EUROPEAN UNION 7

8 Milestones of Extreme Light Infrastructure – Nuclear Physics 12 decembrie iunie msai iulie August august iunie aprilie 2013

High-power laser source 9

Parameters of the gamma-beam MeV LINAC brilliant γ beam (10 13 γ/s/100 μm 2 )

11 Science Case Basic Science High-field QED pair production, high-energy γ rays, birefringence of vacuum Nuclear Spectroscopy (γ, γ’), (γ,n), (γ,p), (γ,α), (γ,f), (e,e’), (e,e γ’), etc. Nuclear Astrophysics r-, s- and p-process nucleosynthesis Applications Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence control of nuclear materials, radioactive waste monitoring Brilliant γ, n, e + beams material and life science Laser acceleration of heavy ions

EXTREME LIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE – NUCLEAR PHYSICS 2 arms of 10 PW lasers 700 MeV electron beam high-brilliance gamma beam of up to 20 MeV  rays DEFINE EXPERIMENTAL SET-UPS ( : TDR workshops for ELI-NP) ELI-NP White Book 5.4 Stand-alone  /e− Facility for Nuclear Spectroscopy Stand-alone  /e− Facility for Astrophysics ( ,  ’), ( ,α), ( ,p), ( ,n) reactions, giant resonances, etc. photofission 12

13 TDR working groups and instruments Gamma-beam TDR working groups 1.Excitations above the threshold (conveners: Angela Bracco and Muhsin Harakeh ELI-NP liaision: Dan Filipescu) 2.Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (convenor: Norbert Pietralla, liaision: Calin Ur) 3.Photofission (conveners: Fadi Ibrahim, Attila Krazsnahorkay, liaision: Dimiter Balabanski) 4.Charged-particle experiments (convener: Moshe Gai, liaision: Ovidiu Tesileanu) 5.Gamma-beam transport (ELI-NP liaision: Calin Ur) 6.Positron beams (ELI-NP liaision: Cristian Teorurescu) Laser-beam TDR working groups 1.Laser-beam delivery (convener: Gilles Cheriaux, liaision: Daniel Ursescu) 2.Fission fusion experiments (convener: Markus Roth, liaision: Florin Negoita) 3.Strong-filed QED (conveners: Paul MacKenna, Dino Jaroszynski, liaision: Edmond Turku) 4. Combined laser-gamma experiments (convener: Kensuke Homma, liaision: Daniel Ursescu) 5. Laser control system (ELI-NP liaision: Mihai Cernaianu)

Photonuclear reactions lifetimes: ps - as 14

Parity measurement from azimuthal distribution 15

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Experimental areas 17

18 Instrumentation (gamma beams) Nuclear structure set-up: modular and very flexible high resolution neutron detection gamma-ray detection with medium resolution high-resolution γ-ray detection (in some cases) 4π high-efficiency ball for cross section measurements High-resolution γ-ray set-up with a crystal monochromator 10 eV beam resolution combined with a total absorption spectrometer NRF set-up rings of segmented HPGe detectors good timing detectors Gas-filled fission detector set-up (combined with gamma-ray detectors) Production of RIB with IGISOL-type technique (not in the baseline project) Si-strip detector set-up Gas-filled TPC Bubble chamber

Photo-fission experiments Physics goals High-resolution photofission studies in actinides  investigation of 2nd, 3rd potential minima, angular and mass distribution measurements. measurements of absolute photofission cross sections:  (monochromatic photons with variable energy required) limited photon source intensity:  target thickness limited by finite range of fission fragments (ca. 8 mg/cm 2 in uranium)  multiple target-detector arrays needed A. Krazsnahorkay, TDR γ-beam WS

Thick GEM board with 1.6 mm thickness, 1 mm holes, and 1.5 mm pitch size GEM (Gas-electron multiplier) position-sensitive detectors

Experimental areas 23

Let’s see what else we can squeeze from photofission? In fission fragments share about 200 MeV and have angular momentum of 20ħ. The nuclear spin ensemble has oblate orientation with respect to the beam axis. The ions are emitted in a charge state around Optional experiments High-spin physics of exotic nuclei ISOL studies of exotic nuclei Let’s make an excursion round other laboratories where nuclear structure studies on fission fragments are done and find out whether a niche exists ?

Where to look? ISOL physicsHigh-spin physics (1) CERN(1) Grenoble (2) Orsay(2) Spontaneous fission (3) EUROBALL (4) Argonneand GAMMASPHERE (5) Louvain-le-Neuve (6) Jyvaskyla All these laboratories possess huge expertise. Is there really a niche to compete?

Ion guides

IGISOL facilities Jyvaskyla, Louvain-le-Neuve (p-induced reactions) Argonne (1 Ci Cf source) ARIEL (50 MeV e ─ bremsstrahlung induced fission) Usage of different probes results in different isotope yield distributions. Main shortcoming of ARIEL is that about 30% of beam power is deposited in the target.

CARIBU yields

Elements of an IGISOL facility Large acceptance ion guide Laser ion source Mass separator Multi-reflection purification trap Measurement stations β-decay station (also β-delayed neutrons) collinear laser spectroscopy mass measurements

High-spin physics

Is it possible to make in- beam spectroscopy on a thick fissioning target? Is it possible to build an IGISOL photo-fission facility? Common decay stations with laser fusion-fission experiment: β-decay, collinear spectroscopy and masses

Finally 1.There are many scientific and technical challenges ahead of us. However, time is short and we need to find solutions now. 2.ELI-NP is open for collaborations. We are building a user community. Formal collaborations to be established through MoUs. 3.Cooperation between nuclear and laser physicists needs to be established, e.g. first unify the language (!) 39

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