Microsatellites in the Mlp genome Pascal Frey, Constance Xhaard, Axelle Andrieux, Benoît Barrès, Fabien Halkett INRA Nancy Joint Research Unit « Tree – Microbe Interactions » Champenoux, France Melampsora Genome Consortium Summer Workshop

Microsatellites = SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) = VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Motifs : di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, or hepta-nucleotides e.g. (TA)n, (TCA)n, (CAGT)n Highly variable genetic markers Very useful for population genetics, genetic mapping, diagnosis... Reminder: what is a microsatellite?

1.To determine the number and the distribution of microsatellite loci in the Mlp genome. 2.To build a genetic map of Mlp. Problems to obtain a large offspring population. 3.To develop new microsatellite loci for population genetic studies. Why studying microsatellites in the Mlp genome?

1st run (march 2007) on the 1st assembly of the Mlp genome (Jazz) Genome size: 122 Mb; 2,682 scaffolds 7,530 microsatellite loci found (min 6 repeats for all motifs) 59% di, 34% tri, 3% tetra, 2% penta, 2% hexa-nucleotides Culling settings : min 10 repeats for di-nucl., and 8 repeats for tri-nucl. 664 microsatellite loci found 17% di, 39% tri, 17% tetra, 11% penta, 14% hexa-nucleotides Microsatellite finding with Magellan (1) Magellan software : Dee Carter, Univ. Sydney

2nd run (July 2008) on the 2nd assembly of the Mlp genome (Arachne) Genome size: 102 Mb; 462 scaffolds 7,293 microsatellite loci found (min 6 repeats for all motifs) 58% di, 35% tri, 3% tetra, 2% penta, 2% hexa-nucleotides Culling settings : min 10 repeats for di-nucl., and 8 repeats for tri-nucl. 654 microsatellite loci found (652 in the main genome, 1 in the mitochondrial DNA, 1 in Alt-haplotypes, none in Repetitive elements) 18% di, 39% tri, 16% tetra, 12% penta, 13% hexa-nucleotides Microsatellite finding with Magellan (2)

Comparison of both runs (and of both assemblies) Most of the microsatellite loci were found in both runs. In some cases, 2 microsatellite loci were defined on 2 separate scaffolds of the 1st assembly, and corresponded to only 1 locus in the 2nd assembly. -> both alleles for strain 98AG31 Microsatellite finding with Magellan (3)

Design of 1-2 primer pairs for each of the 650 loci with Primer3 software. In vitro PCR assays to validate the loci: 75% amplification success Determination of the polymorphism of the loci on 2 sexual populations of 40 Mlp isolates. Suppression of some loci not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Validation of the microsatellites found (1)

Microsatellite loci resolved on a Beckman CEQ8000 DNA sequencer Validation of the microsatellites found (2) heterozygous locus homozygous loci

Design of 2 multiplex panels of 16 and 14 loci to be amplified in a single tube Validation of the microsatellites found (3)

Of the 462 scaffolds, only 111 contain microsatellites. Most of the smallest scaffolds contain no microsatellite. Average density: 6.5 microsatellites/Mb Scaffold # Position (Mb) Distribution of microsatellites on the 34 main scaffolds