DIASPORA RETURNEES AND THE CHALLENGES OF DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: RECONSTRUCTING THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE a presentation by Bala Muhammad Special Adviser to the Governor/Director General Kano State Societal Reorientation Programme (A Daidaita Sahu) at Nigeria Muslim Forum (UK) Summer Conference The Leeds Grand Mosque Saturday August 23, 2008/Sha’aban 22, 1429

AGENDA PREAMBLE SOME SYMPTOMS OF ATTITUDINAL COLLAPSE THE DIFFERENCE ATTITUDE MAKES TAKE JAPAN, FOR EXAMPLE… …OR MALAYSIA …OR EVEN SOUTH AFRICA …NOT TO TALK OF GHANA SO WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? INGREDIENTS OF ATTITUDE THE VALUE OF ATTITUDE THE ICEBERG PHENOMENON ATTITUDE IS EVERYTHING FOR MORE INFORMATION… 20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE2

PREAMBLE “Fellow citizens, today I would like to talk to you about one of the most difficult challenges of our time: the challenge to re-orient our society so that our traditional values, the fulcrum upon which our well being and happiness depends, can be restored. Today, I talk to you about A Daidaita Sahu, an Attitudinal and Behavioural Change programme.” -Mallam Ibrahim Shekarau, Governor of Kano State Launching A DAIDAITA SAHU September 11, 2004/Rajab 26, /05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE3

SYMPTOMS OF THE COLLAPSE OF THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE Acaba/Going/Okada Begging (from Almajiri to Allah-ba-ku…) Corruption Drug addicts Fuel Hawkers Girl-Child Hawkers (Talla) High Divorce Rate Idleness Ignorance Indolence Lawlessness Parasitism (Maula) Thugs (Daba) 20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE4

20/05/2015 THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE 5 THE DIFFERENCE ATTITUDE MAKES The difference between the poor countries and the rich ones is not in the age of the country. This can be shown by countries such as India and Egypt that are more than 4,000 years old, yet today are not among the G8. On the other hand, consider non-White Japan which has triumphed over man-made and natural calamities without natural resources. Or even developing countries such as Malaysia, South Africa, even Ghana, all products of colonialism, yet are moving up. The difference between poor and rich countries does not reside in the available natural resources.

20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE6 TAKE JAPAN, FOR EXAMPLE non-white, devastated by 1945 limited territory: 80% mountainous inadequate for agriculture and cattle raising yet today the world’s second biggest economy (UNSC soon) country is like an immense floating factory importing raw materials from the whole world exporting manufactured products

20/05/2015 THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE 7 OR MALAYSIA Non-White, Muslim country! Split into two halves Ethnically diverse, civil war experience Same colonial experience with many African countries Legend: the Palm Seedlings from Africa Secret: courageous, upright leaders who changed people’s attitude “Slow Down for People to Catch Up!”

20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE8 OR EVEN SOUTH AFRICA Independence 1994 ‘Blacks not good managers!’ ‘economy will collapse in 2 years!’ ‘infrastructure (energy, telecoms, water) in 5!’ ‘society will disintegrate in 10!’ WHERE IS SOUTH AFRICA TODAY? MTN 2005 sacked VP for corruption!

...NOT TO TALK OF GHANA no acaba/okada in Accra and Kumasi/cities generally clean 3 years ago C10,000 = $1: today C1 = $ ,000s of Nigerian children in Ghanaian schools Toll free numbers, 0800; and Yellow Pages Accra has a two-storey flyover; road signs bold, readable/relative security relative electricity stability June 2008: 9,000mw for 20m (cf: 2,000mw for 150m) HOW COME? Rawlings drove by from a side street, alone, untinted 20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE9

20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE10 SO WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? IS IT THE INTELLECT? Scholars from technologically-advanced countries who communicate with their counterparts from poor countries show that there is no significant intellectual difference. IS IT THE COLOUR? Race or skin colour are also not important: immigrants considered lazy in their countries of origin have become the productive power in rich Western countries. IS IT THE RELIGION? Religion is also not a reason for underdevelopment as Japan (Buddhist) or Malaysia (mainly Muslim) or South Africa (mainly Christian) show. THE DIFFERENCE IS CLEAR The difference is the ATTITUDE of the people, framed along the years by the education and the culture. On analyzing the behaviour of the people in rich and developed countries, we find that the great majority follow the following principles in their lives:

20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE11 INGREDIENTS OF ATTITUDE 1. Ethics, especially in business. 2. Integrity. 3. Responsibility. 4. Respect for law and order. 5. Respect for the rights of others. 6. Hard work. 7. Prudence. 8. Will of super action. 9. Punctuality. 10. Planning.

20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE12 THE VALUE OF ATTITUDE In poor countries, only a minority follow these basic principles in their daily lives. In poor countries, only a minority follow these basic principles in their daily lives. Therefore we are not poor because we lack natural resources or because nature was cruel to us. Therefore we are not poor because we lack natural resources or because nature was cruel to us. We are poor because we lack ATTITUDE. We are poor because we lack ATTITUDE. We lack the will to comply with and teach these functional principles of rich and developed societies. We lack the will to comply with and teach these functional principles of rich and developed societies.

20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE13 THE ICEBERG HOW MUCH DO WE SEE OF AN ICEBERG? HOW MUCH DO WE SEE OF AN ICEBERG?

20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE14 THE ICEBERG ii ONLY 10% OF ANY ICEBERG IS VISIBLE. THE REMAINING 90% IS BELOW SEA LEVEL!

20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE15 THE ICEBERG iii SEA LEVEL 10 % 90 % VISIBLE ABOVE SEA LEVEL INVISIBLE BELOW SEA LEVEL

20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE16 THE ICEBERG iv The Iceberg phenomenon is also applicable on human beings… The Iceberg phenomenon is also applicable on human beings…

20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE17 THE ICEBERG v SEA LEVEL KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS ATTITUDE UNKNOWN TO OTHERS KNOWN TO OTHERS

20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE18 THE ICEBERG vi In other words, In other words, Home Home School School Peer Group Peer Group Environment Environment Entertainment Media Entertainment Media

20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE19 THE ICEBERG vii SEA LEVEL BEHAVIOUR VALUES – STANDARDS – JUDGEMENTS ATTITUDE MOTIVES – ETHICS - BELIEFS KNOWN TO OTHERS UNKNOWN TO OTHERS

20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE20 WHAT MAKES OUR LIVES 100%? ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ATTITUDE KNOWLEDGE HARDWORK SKILLS = = = = Let each letter of the alphabet have a value equal to its sequence in the alphabetical order:

...and always remember... Most significant change in a person’s life: change of attitude A positive attitude is not a destination: it is a way of life Our lives are reflections of our attitudes A positive attitude is like a magnet for positive results Right attitudes produce right actions A creative attitude is the fuel of progress and growth ATTITUDE, NOT APTITUDE, DETERMINES YOUR ALTITUDE! 20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE21

FOR MORE INFORMATION DIRECTORATE OF SOCIETAL REORIENTATION (A DAIDAITA SAHU) Office of the Governor of Kano State 2 Sabo Bakinzuwo Road(Walk-In) PMB 3133 (Freepost) (Tel) (Fax) (DG SMS: No calls) – 10 (Staff SMS) (Website) ) ) 20/05/2015THE ATTITUDINAL INFRASTRUCTURE22