UNDP In Transition & Recovery Situations Approaches and Concepts Approaches and Concepts BiH experience – Area Based Development BiH experience – Area Based Development Presented by: Goran Vukmir ABD Portfolio Manager UNDP BiH

Transitions we face… Transition from authoritarian system to democracy Transition from authoritarian system to democracy Transition from centrally-controlled to market economy Transition from centrally-controlled to market economy Transition to self-determination and/or independence Transition to self-determination and/or independence Transition from violent conflict to peace Transition from violent conflict to peace Transition from relief to development Transition from relief to development

Transition: Characteristics and Triggers Each situation is unique and complex Each situation is unique and complex Dynamics do not reflect a steady, sequential or uninterrupted path of progress from conflict to peace Dynamics do not reflect a steady, sequential or uninterrupted path of progress from conflict to peace Often a « no war, no peace situation » Often a « no war, no peace situation » Risk of reversal Risk of reversal Humanitarian Activities might be initial focus Humanitarian Activities might be initial focus Advanced stage of peace negotiations Advanced stage of peace negotiations Cease fire agreement Cease fire agreement Peace accord Peace accord Peace process with involvement of member states, a regional body or a combination thereof Peace process with involvement of member states, a regional body or a combination thereof Security Council mandate establishing a UN peace operation or a peace- keeping mission Security Council mandate establishing a UN peace operation or a peace- keeping mission

Definition Definition of Transition “Period of crisis when external assistance is most crucial in supporting and underpinning still fragile cease-fires, or peace processes, by helping to create the conditions for political stability, security, justice and social equity. UNDG/ECHA - Working Group on Transition Issues

UNDP in Transition Situations… UNDP’s Aim « Bridge the gap between relief and development while addressing the root causes of the crisis » UNDP, November 2002 UNDP’s Approach to Recovery Focusing on: Focusing on:  restoring the capacity of the government and communities to rebuild and recover from crisis  Preventing relapses  Need to catalyse sustainable development activities But also to build upon earlier humanitarian programmes to ensure that their inputs become assets for development But also to build upon earlier humanitarian programmes to ensure that their inputs become assets for development

UNDP in Transition Situations… Security and Justice Sector Reform, DDR, Small Arms and Mine Action Community development; social cohesion; rebuilding social capital; culture and practice of crisis prevention Democratic Governance, Public Administration, Local Governance, Civil Society, Media Infrastructure for basic services; delivery of basic services; markets and trade; private sector; sustainable livelihoods Political Economic Social Security

United Nations Development Group (UNDG) /Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs (ECHA) - Working Group on Transition Issues Established in September 2002, with GOAL: Established in September 2002, with GOAL: –To enable the UN’s Development Group to develop an Action Plan and offer better tools for integrated planning, budgeting, and resource mobilization. Comprises 22 organizations including DPA, DPKO and the World Bank, chaired by UNICEF Comprises 22 organizations including DPA, DPKO and the World Bank, chaired by UNICEF Study of 11 transition situations Study of 11 transition situations

“4 R s “ approach Programme concept that ensures linkages between the processes of Repatriation, Reintegration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Programme concept that ensures linkages between the processes of Repatriation, Reintegration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Envisages: Envisages:  UNHCR taking the lead role on REPATRIATION  Shared lead of UNHCR and UNDP on REINTEGRATION  UNDP and other development agencies lead on REHABILITATION  Shared UNDP and World Bank lead on RECONSTRUCTION Aim is to achieve sustainable solutions for displaced populations in an integrated manner, thereby contributing to national recovery, the consolidation of peace, stability and the foundation for longer- term development Aim is to achieve sustainable solutions for displaced populations in an integrated manner, thereby contributing to national recovery, the consolidation of peace, stability and the foundation for longer- term development

Post Conflict Needs Assessment (Methodology under development) Innovative initiative of UNDP and the WB to develop a practical guide for Post-conflict needs assessment Innovative initiative of UNDP and the WB to develop a practical guide for Post-conflict needs assessment The Plan of Action of the UNDG/ECHA Working Group recommended in February 2004 the development of such a methodology. The Plan of Action of the UNDG/ECHA Working Group recommended in February 2004 the development of such a methodology. Methodology: Methodology: –Reviewing recent needs assessment conducted by UNDP/UNDG/World Bank in Afghanistan, Irak, Sri Lanka and Liberia; –Reviewing needs assessment methodologies used in related fields such as conflict analysis, emergency and humanitarian aid and development cooperation –Consolidating these lessons learned and develop the guide Time frame: 1 September 2003 – 7 May 2004 Time frame: 1 September 2003 – 7 May 2004

Principles of Good Transition Planning Strategic - need to formulate an overarching vision for post-conflict recovery Strategic - need to formulate an overarching vision for post-conflict recovery The Vision needs to include: peace, security and justice objectives The Vision needs to include: peace, security and justice objectives Planning should be based on a needs assessment Planning should be based on a needs assessment Flexible enough to enable quick shift in strategies in case of a dramatic changes in environment Flexible enough to enable quick shift in strategies in case of a dramatic changes in environment The MDGs should constitute the organizing set of principles for the UN programmatic response The MDGs should constitute the organizing set of principles for the UN programmatic response These principles should enable the UN to work as one and to focus on only few dimensions key to transition (and not on what should be done ideally) These principles should enable the UN to work as one and to focus on only few dimensions key to transition (and not on what should be done ideally)

UNDP Bosnia and Herzegovina Area Based Development as recovery tool – BiH experience Area Based Development as recovery tool – BiH experience What have we learned? What have we learned? PART 2:

Bosnia and Herzegovina Today SECURITY- has improved, peace still guaranteed by IC (NATO) by IC (NATO)CHALLENGES Return & refugees (priority persons) Return & refugees (priority persons) The most mined country in Europe (est.1 mill. mines) The most mined country in Europe (est.1 mill. mines) Weak governance and lack of economic development Weak governance and lack of economic development UNDP HAS AN INCREASING ROLE, KEY PLAYER IN: Building national capacity to manage return process Building national capacity to manage return process Civil service reforms Civil service reforms Demining sector Demining sector Human rights initiatives Human rights initiatives

Area Based Development “ Area-Based Development programmes target specific geographical areas in a country, characterized by a particular development problem, through an integrated, inclusive, participatory and flexible approach” “ Area-Based Development programmes target specific geographical areas in a country, characterized by a particular development problem, through an integrated, inclusive, participatory and flexible approach” Definition by UNDP/RBEC’s Area Based Development Practitioners:

Four types of ABDs in BIH… As the country priorities changed… ABDs evolved…  Short term employment programmes  Return and reconstruction programmes  Community and rural development programmes  Fully integrated ABD programmes Total budget since 1997: $ 34,6 mill. Effects: houses/families, micro-grants, 28 infrastructure projects, 338 rural micro credits… =======================================================================================================

Fully integrated ABDs* * ABDs designed to address specific problems in particular regions of national priority. ======================================================================================================== Example: SREBRENICA PROGRAMME  Very specific developmental problems (war + funding embargo + transition)  UNDPs response: a 3 years, US$12,5 mill., recovery programme with five components:  LOCAL GOVERNANCE  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT  CIVIL SOCIETEY  MUNC. INFRASTRUCTURE  GENDER

What did we learn ?  Invest into building PARTNERSHIPS  Give real OWNERSHIP to your local partners  Coordinate actively with IC partners (especially UN Agencies)  Be aware of the ABD-related costs  Need to make INVESTMENT in start up phase-take some RISK  How realistic is RAISING large CO-FUNDING?  Clear “EXIT STRATEGY” (what?, how?, how realistic?)  Building on the respect and experiences gained in ABD, UNDP can influence policy making level!

What did we learn ?  UNDP is positioned to take on itself some of the role of Government in particular development situations (war, nature, man or economy caused ! ) and bridge the gap.  Programmes must be designed to respond to specific problem but sensitive to the specifics of each area  Focus on Local Economic Development & strengthening Local Governance:  CSOs watch dog role + building local capacity = best way to long-term sustainability

THANK YOU !!!