Kinship, Family, and Marriage Part 1

Unit Learning Objectives Differentiate between nuclear & extended families. Distinguish between family orientation & family procreation. Define and differentiate between kinds of descent groups and postmartial residence rules. Differentiate between lineages an clans Differentiate between genealogical kin types and kin terms. Demonstrate your understanding of kinship diagrams through an activity.

Kinship (a.k.a) ‘Basic Building Block of Society’ Basic principle of organizing individuals into social groups, roles, and categories Considerable diversity observed across cultures

Terms of Unit Descent: principle based on culturally recognized connections that define social categories to which people belong Parent-child connection is central Descent Group Group based on belief in shared ancestry

Terms of Unit Unilineal Descent Patterns: Matrilineal Patrilineal

Terms of Unit Bilateral Descent Relatedness 1. Culturally variable

Marriage = Institution As an institution:

Lineages & Clans Lineage: ______________ Clans: ________________ Common Theme in both: Apical ancestor

Ancestor – Why? Social unity & identity of the members ___________________________ Apical ancestor in both lineages & clans Apex of _______________ Clan ancestors are commonly non-human  _____

Betsileo of Madagascar Lineages & Clans Demonstrated descent for more recent 8-10 generations; then stipulated

Kinship Distinctions Responsible for all 7 listed on page 374 We will discuss the following in lecture: Generation Affinity Gender of linking relative

Kinship Distinctions EGO = ______________________ Generation ______________________________________ Affinity Connection through ____________ Ex: Matrilineal societies – mother’s sister & father’s sister

Kinship Distinctions Gender of linking relative Distinguishes _______________ Cross cousins ___________________________________ Parallel cousins ____________________________________

Descent Groups & Postmarital Residence Patterns Where the majority of newly married couples reside after their marriage Why study? Gives rise to various household and family forms Cross-cultural research results: 6 common patterns

Common Forms Patrilocal –_______________________________ ~70% of all societies – predominant pattern Matrilocal – ___________________________ ~13% of all societies – predominant pattern

Common Forms Ambilocal – ______________ Bilocal – ____________________ Neolocal – ___________________ Avunculocal – couples live with the __________________________ Account for ~17% of all societies