Chapter 2.1 (pages 46-51)

Key concepts: Explain why and how organisms are classified. List the eight levels of classification. Explain scientific names. Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying organisms.

Key Vocabulary: Classification Binomial nomenclature Taxonomy Domain Species

In a world of games: We take a look in a yearbook. What do we see?

Classification: Classification is putting things into orderly groups based on similar characteristics. How do biologists classify things on our planet? – What are the defining characteristics of each species? – When did the characteristics of a species change? – What are the relationships between different species? Where have we discussed classification before? When do you classify things in your life?

Activity Time: Find a partner sitting in front of you. Classify our class. – Do this for 2 minutes – Share with one other group. Are you the same? How else could you classify the class going from least specific to very specific? – Make five levels

Timeline of classification: Before 1600’s: – Plants and animals – Why didn’t this work? 1700’s-Linnaeus: Swedish scientist whose system was based on the structure or characteristics of organisms. – Founded modern taxonomy (taks AH nuh mee). – Taxonomy is the science of describing, classifying, and naming organisms.

Taxonomy: Taxonomists use an eight-level system to classify living things based on: – shared characteristics. These are used to also describe how closely related living things are. Biggest to smallest: D, K, P, C, O, F, G, S Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species What are properties?

Taxonomy: Scientists use shared characteristics to group organisms into eight levels of classification. – There are fewer organisms than in the level above (becomes more specific) – A domain is the largest, most general level of classification. one of three domains. – Species is the smallest level of classification. A species is a group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring. For example, dogs are all one species. Three domains: - eukaryote -prokaryote -Archeabacteria Only 1 species for every type of organism (most specific)

Taxonomy: Naming: – Common names: Cat, dog, and human cougar, mountain lion, and puma are three names for the same animal – Scientific names: Scientific names are the same in all languages. An organism has only one scientific name. Why is this important? – Scientific names are based on the system created by Linnaeus. He gave each kind of organism a two-part name. the first part of the name is the genus, and the second part is the species. Asian elephant is Elephas maximus. Homo sapiens Both words in a scientific name are underlined or italicized All genus names begin with a capital letter. All species names begin with a lowercase letter.

Binomial Nomenclature: Two part name “Bi” – “nomial” species domesticus Genus Felix

Activity Time: Classify the following songs. How else could you classify this going from least specific to very specific? – Make five levels

Review: In classification, organisms are grouped according to the characteristics the organisms share. Classification lets scientists answer important questions about the relationships between organisms. The eight levels of classification are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. An organism has one two-part scientific name.

Homework: Questions on page 241: Write the ? – Do this on the back of your notes: – # 3, 4 and 5 Questions on page 241: Write the ? – Do this on the back of your notes: – # 3, 4 and 5