Classification History

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Presentation transcript:

Classification History

Classification History Taxonomy: Branch of biology that groups all life according to their characteristics and history All life on earth is placed into 1 of 6 kingdoms: Eubacteria Archaea Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Classification History prokaryotes eukaryotes

Developed classification system based on physical features Many rules still used today Binomial Nomenclature: System of giving every organism 2 names Carolus Linnaeus

Developed classification system based on physical features Many rules still used today Binomial Nomenclature: System of giving every organism 2 names 1st word: Genus (broad) 2nd word: Species (specific) Carolus Linnaeus Homo erectus Homo ergaster Homo habilis Homo sapiens

Developed classification system based on physical features Many rules still used today Binomial Nomenclature: System of giving every organism 2 names 1st word: Genus (broad) 2nd word: Species (specific) Example: House cat Genus: Felis Species: catus Carolus Linnaeus Felis catus

Is a coyote really called Eatius birdius? Developed classification system based on physical features Many rules still used today Binomial Nomenclature: System of giving every organism 2 names 1st word: Genus (broad) 2nd word: Species (specific) Example: House cat Genus: Felis Species: catus Carolus Linnaeus Is a coyote really called Eatius birdius?

Developed classification system based on physical features Many rules still used today Binomial Nomenclature: System of giving every organism 2 names 1st word: Genus (broad) 2nd word: Species (specific) Example: House cat Genus: Felis Species: catus Carolus Linnaeus Canis latrans

Is a roadrunner really called Acceleratti incredibilis? Developed classification system based on physical features Many rules still used today Binomial Nomenclature: System of giving every organism 2 names 1st word: Genus (broad) 2nd word: Species (specific) Example: House cat Genus: Felis Species: catus Carolus Linnaeus Is a roadrunner really called Acceleratti incredibilis?

Geococcyx californianus Developed classification system based on physical features Many rules still used today Binomial Nomenclature: System of giving every organism 2 names 1st word: Genus (broad) 2nd word: Species (specific) Example: House cat Genus: Felis Species: catus Carolus Linnaeus Geococcyx californianus

Bos taurus Bos taurus Binomial Format When Writing: Genus capitalized species lowercase Underlined entirely Ex: Homo sapiens When Typing: Same, except use italics Bos taurus Bos taurus

Why not use common names? Common names can be misleading Are sea horses really horses?

Why not use common names? Common names can be misleading Are jellyfish made of jelly? Are jellyfish even fish?

Why not use common names? Common names can be misleading Are sea cucumbers edible fruit?

Why not use common names? Common names vary from region to region Robin Robin United States England Problem: They are two different species.

Why not use common names? Common names vary from region to region Cougar Puma Mountain lion Problem: Cougars, pumas, and mountain lions are the same species. They are just called different names in different parts of the world. Solution: A scientist would simply call these Puma concolor regardless of where they lived.

Taxa 7 individual levels (taxa) used to classify organisms Kingdom (broadest) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (specific) Allows relationships to be clearly seen Taxa Kings Play Chess On Fine Glass Surfaces

Kingdom Phylum Cheetah Classification Class Order Family Genus Species

Red Wolf Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Human Classification Genus Species

Killer whale classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

The more levels in common...the more related the species. Allows relationships to be seen!

Which two organisms are most related to one another? Killer Whale K = Animals P = Chordata C = Mammals O = Cetacea F = Delphinidae G = Orcinus S = orca Red Wolf K = Animals P = Chordata C = Mammals O = Carnivora F = Canidae G = Canis S = vulpes Polar Bear K = Animals P = Chordata C = Mammals O = Carnivora F = Ursidae G = Ursus S = arctos

Using a dichotomous key What is this item?

Using a dichotomous key What is this item?

Review Who created the classification system used today? Name the 6 kingdoms of life. Which kingdom(s) are prokaryotic? Which kingdom(s) may be unicellular? Which kingdom(s) are bacteria? Which two taxa make up an organisms binomial name? Place the 7 levels of taxonomy in order from largest to smallest. Name the 7 human taxa, from largest to smallest.