Active Lecture Questions Chapter 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells? They usually have a single, circular chromosome. They lack membrane-enclosed organelles. They have cell walls containing peptidoglycan. Their DNA is not associated with histones. They lack a plasma membrane. Answer: e

Which statement best describes what happens when a gram-positive bacterium is placed in a solution of distilled water and penicillin? No change will result; the solution is isotonic. Water will move into the cell. Water will move out of the cell. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. Sucrose will move into the cell from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. Answer: d

Which statement best describes what happens when a gram-negative bacterium is placed in a solution of distilled water and penicillin? No change will result; the solution is isotonic. Water will move into the cell. Water will move out of the cell. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. None of the above. Answer: b

Which statement best describes what happens when a gram-positive bacterium is placed in an aqueous solution of lysozyme and 10% sucrose? No change will result; the solution is isotonic. Water will move into the cell. Water will move out of the cell. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. Sucrose will move into the cell from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. Answer: a

Which of the following statements best describes what happens to a cell exposed to polymyxins that destroy phospholipids? In an isotonic solution, nothing will happen. In a hypotonic solution, the cell will lyse. Water will move into the cell. Intracellular contents will leak from the cell. Any of the above might happen. Answer: d

Which of the following statements about fimbriae is FALSE? They are composed of protein. They may be used for attachment. They are found on gram-negative cells. They are composed of pilin. They may be used for motility. Answer: e

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? glycocalyx—adherence pili—reproduction cell wall—toxin cell wall—protection plasma membrane—transport Answer: b

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? metachromatic granules—stored phosphates polysaccharide granules—stored starch lipid inclusions—poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid sulfur granules—energy reserve ribosomes—protein storage Answer: e

You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can assume this cell has ribosomes. mitochondria. an endoplasmic reticulum. a Golgi complex. all of the above Answer: a

The antibiotic amphotericin B disrupts plasma membranes by combining with sterols; it will affect all of the following cells EXCEPT animal cells. bacterial cells. fungal cells. d. Mycoplasma cells. e. plant cells. Answer: b

binary fission. spore formation. mitosis. budding. Bacteria reproduce by binary fission. spore formation. mitosis. budding. Answer: a

fimbriae cell membrane gram-positive cell wall lipid A Which of the following cell structures play a part in initiating disease? fimbriae cell membrane gram-positive cell wall lipid A Answer: a

Which of the following organelles resembles a prokaryotic cell? Golgi complex nucleus mitochondrion endoplasmic reticulum Answer: c

What substance makes up the framework of the prokaryotic cell wall? cellulose glucan chitin peptidoglycan Answer: d

The cell walls of gram-positive bacteria contain mannan. teichoic acid. cellulose. chitin. Answer: b

L-forms. fungi. protoplasts. mycoplasmas. Cell walls are found in L-forms. fungi. protoplasts. mycoplasmas. Answer: b

Which structure protects pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis? capsule endospore flagellum axial filament Answer: a

Spirochetes move by means of axial filaments. flagella. pili. fimbriae. Answer: a

Which of the following statements regarding capsules is FALSE? They promote virulence. They promote antigenicity. They can be called a slime layer. They can be stained using a negative stain. Answer: c

Metachromatic granules are collectively known as carboxysomes. volutin. magnetosomes. polysaccharide granules. Answer: a

capsule carboxysome endospore gas vacuole Which of the following structures allow a cell to survive adverse environmental conditions? capsule carboxysome endospore gas vacuole Answer: c

In the lab you have just isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can assume that the cell has a cell wall. has a nucleus. has a mitochondrion. has 9 pairs + 2 flagella. Answer: a

active transport. facilitated diffusion. osmosis. simple diffusion. A cell can transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration by the physiological process of active transport. facilitated diffusion. osmosis. simple diffusion. Answer: a

phospholipids proteins carbohydrates sterols Which of the following substances in the eukaryotic plasma membrane serve as attachment sites for bacteria? phospholipids proteins carbohydrates sterols Answer: c

Which organelle contains one or more enzymes that can oxidize various organic substances? lysosomes peroxisomes Golgi complex centrioles Answer: b