Environmental Science Chapter 11 Review Glaciers at the North & South poles hold most of Earth’s fresh water. Less than 1% of all water on Earth is surface water, which is found in lakes, rivers, and streams. Surface water percolates through the soil to form ground water. Water management projects have diverted water to many parts of the world that do not have fresh water to make them habitable.

Environmental Science Chapter 11 Review The Mississippi River is the largest U.S. watershed. Most large cities get their water from rivers/lakes. Adding chlorine to water kills bacteria and prevents future bacterial growth. Industry uses fresh water in manufacturing processes, to generate power, and for waste disposal.

Environmental Science Chapter 11 Review Runoff from agricultural feedlots is an example of nonpoint-source pollution. Pathogens are a type of water pollution. Polluted groundwater is difficult to clean -deep in the ground -dispersed through large areas of rocks -cling to materials in the aquifer -recycling takes hundreds of thousands of years

Environmental Science Chapter 11 Review An underground leaking tank is an example of point-source pollution. Most of the pollutants in the ocean come from activities on land. Tankers in U.S. waterways must be double hulled by this year according to the 1990 Oil Pol. Act. Excessive phosphates in lakes may begin the process that causes fish to suffocate.

Environmental Science Chapter 11 Review The amount of space between the particles that make up a rock determines its porosity. (like water being held in the pores of a sponge) Aquifers are hard to purify because the water collects in spaces in the sand and rock. The effects of water pollution on ecosystems can magnify over time within food chains.

Environmental Science Chapter 11 Review Water is a renewable source that is continually recycled. Water that is used ends up in rivers, lakes, & oceans where it evaporates and returns to Earth as precipitation by the water cycle. Across the Earth’s surface water is not evenly distributed. Flood, drought areas, aquifers are being depleted by pumped out faster than water can be replaced, and other water is polluted. (potable water not available to everyone)

Environmental Science Chapter 11 Review Thermal pollution is the un-natural heating of water from point-sources such as power plants and other industries. A nonpoint-source would be removing natural shade/tree removal over a large area.

Environmental Science Chapter 11 Review Short answers List benefits and problems resulting from the building of a dam. Why are some countries using the expensive method of desalination for obtaining fresh water. Plus others….

Environmental Science Chapter 11 Review Word bank for fill-ins. Aquifer Artificial Eutrophication Desalination Nonpoint-source pollution Permeability Porosity Recharge zone Reservoir Watershed Xeriscaping