p Coal Bed Methane Gas Exploration and Development Recent Concerns on Energy Supply & Cost Administrations National Energy Policy NPS Proximity to Sources & Impact to Resources

p What is Coal Bed Methane ? Powder River Coal Field Green River & Wind River Coal Fields CBM Gas Represents 3tcf More than Dry Natural Gas

p Where is CBM Found ? On a few NPS Sites On Numerous BLM, FS, Indian Tribal, and some FWS Lands On Numerous Private Lands

p Major Coalbed Methane Basins Greater Green River Uinta - Piceance San Juan (may have 75% of U.S. CBM) Raton Warrior Black Central Appalachian Northern Appalachian Illinois Arkoma-Cherokee Forest City Powder River Wind River Western Washington

p Federal Lands (Know Your Neighbors) WY MT

p Current Leasing Status MT WY CO

p Consider Mineral Ownership and existing Wells

p Why does NPS Care about CBM

p Air Quality Impacts of Concern for CBM Developments Diesel exhaust from compressors (NOx) Dust

p Other Impacts of Concern for Coal Bed Methane Developments Road Development Drainage Changes Water Discharges Livestock Issues Wildlife Impacts Noise Visual Impacts Water Well Contamination Water Well Output Associated Utility Development Land use Change ….

p Additional Impacts of Concern for CBM Developments Modifying Factors Land Ownership Mineral/Lease Ownership State Regulations Timing of Devel. Intensity of Devel Scale of Devel. Cumulative impacts

p GAS WATER Producing Time Sand Grains Pore Space Coal Matrix Face Cleat Water filled Cleats Rate Conventional Gas CBM Rate Conventional Verses CBM Well Behavior

p Drilling in progress

p Coal Bed Methane Well COAL Overburden WATER GAS Wellhead

p Water Management Approach Volume ? Quality ? Where is it going & is it OK to be there ? Unintended Consequences ? Economics ? Resource Value ?

p Surface Discharge Considerations Water Volume: –Erosion –Flooding –Stream channel morphology –Steam channel conveyance loss Water Quality: –State Water Quality Standards –Downstream Water Use –Coal Seam Water Characterization

p CBM Produced Water Salinity AVE MIN - MAX San Juan: 15,600(1, ,000) Black Warrior: 12,500(700 – 37,400) Western Uinta: 11,000(6, ,600) W. Powder River: 1,500(1, ,000) E. Powder River: 1,000( ,000) NW Colorado: 2,000(650 – 5,200) Xing Xiam China: 700( ,050)

p Tongue Total Containment Powder No SAR limit (unless to protect irrigation) No EC limit However: State line monitoring may limit CBM production Belle Fourche and Cheyenne SAR  10 and EC  2000 or demonstrate protection of existing uses SHERIDAN JOHNSON CAMPBELL CONVERSENATRONA WESTON CROOK Tongue R. Powder River Belle Fourche River Cheyenne River Antelope Creek Powder River Basin NPDES Guidelines

p What You Can Do Keep Informed both Locally and Regionally Use all NPS Resources: ARD, GRD, Regional Offices, and….. Know Your Neighbors: Federal, State, Private Provide Knowledgeable Input and Comment on Plans, EAs, EISs

p What Lies Over the Horizon ?