1. Manure Recycling ACP Compost Solutions Workshop February 28, 2007 John Gundlach Manager of Organics Management Inland Empire Utilities Agency

2. The Good Dairy cattle manure contains significant amounts of the primary plant nutrients (N, P, and K) As well as other essential plant nutrients, including Ca, S, Mg, and Cl. Soil Health

3. More Good Manure application, regardless of form, improves soil tilth Increases water holding capacity Lessens wind and water erosion Improves aeration Promotes beneficial organisms When manure is applied to the soil surface, it tends to help prevent soil crusting.

4. And The application of dairy cattle manure to cropland increases the organic matter content of the soil which in turn improves long-term aggregate stability and decreases bulk density

5. For solid dairy cattle manure – N = 4.5 g/ kg – P = 0.7 g/ kg – K = 2.5 g/ kg For liquid pit dairy cattle manure – N = 3.7 g/ L – P = 0.7 g/ L – K = 1.9 g/ L For lagooned dairy cattle manure – N = 0.5 g/ L – P = 0.1 g/ L – K = 0.4 g/ L Approximate fertilizer values for N, P, and K

6. There is ample evidence that properly managed dairy cattle manure can be used to supply some or all of the nutrients to crops with economic profitability and no environmental harm

7. The Bad Possible contamination of surface waters and groundwaters with excess N, P and Salt (Na, Cl, TDS) Heavy applications of dairy cattle manure have been linked to eutrophication of surface water bodies Water Pollution

8. When application rates are greater than the assimilative capacity of the soil and crops When manure is left on the soil surface rather than being incorporated and hence is subject to movement by surface runoff When application rates may exceed assimilative capacity of the soil When the land area is too small relative to the number of cattle or where manure is repeatedly applied When applying commercial fertilizers without accounting for the nutrient value of the applied dairy manure Water Pollution Can Occur:

9. Problems with dairy manure may occur from surface runoff and leaching in feedlot or land application areas, or by leakage from lagoons Rain-fall-induced surface runoff may carry urine and feces into adjacent streams, rivers, or lakes. And

10. Regulatory Controls Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board - NPDES Permit General Order for Dairy Operators Best Management Practices on the Dairy including an Engineered Waste Management Plan Land application is allowed at agronomic rates because of mitigation of salt and other pollutants by the Chino Basin Groundwater Desalter and the IEUA Co-composting Facility

11. Regulatory Controls Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board - NPDES Permit Tentative General Order for Dairy Operators Best Management Practices on the Dairy including an Engineered Waste Management Plan Land application is allowed at agronomic rates with an approved Nutrient Management Plan – Budget and manage nutrients from all source – Site specific conditions, including groundwater monitoring, to minimize nutrient movement on surface and through the root zone

12. Santa Ana Regional Water Board Tentative Revised General Order Scheduled for adoption in April 2007 Wastewater Discharge is Prohibited Engineered Waste Management Plan Required Land Application of Manure is prohibited in zones lacking assimilative capacity in March 2012 unless a Work Plan to offset impacts is approved Land application at agronomic rates can continue if there is progress on the Work Plan Additional mitigation measures will be necessary for Chino and San Jacinto areas

13. The Ugly Dairy operations, manure composting operations and land application of manure can cause air pollution such as VOC’s, Ammonia, Methane, Hydrogen Sulfide, PM10 Air Pollution

14. Regulatory Controls Dairies – South Coast AQMD Rule 1127 Must use digester, alternative composter or approved land application Best Management Practices Composting – South Coast AQMD Rule 1133 – Central Valley Tentative Rule 4565 – CIMWB Operating Permit – Local CUP

15. Alternatives to Land Application - Renewable Energy Generation ! Composting Lagoon Digesters Anaerobic Digesters Gasifiers Fluidized Bed Reactors