DRUG DOSAGE FORMS Dr.Abdul Latif Mahesar

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS (DRUG PREPARATIONS) - Tablets , Capsules, Powder - Syrups, suspensions , Elixer - Aqueous suspension, Emulsion - Ointment , Lotion, cream - Suppository, pessary Aerosols Injections

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS cot’d Tablet: ► Powdered drug(s) compressed into a disc Capsule: ► Soluble small hollow container, usually made of ------- gelatin /glycerin used to enclose drug in powder, granule or liquid form. ► May be used to conceal a ----- bitter taste ,

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS cont’d Tablets & Capsule: Enteric coated tablet / Capsules: ► coated with a substance that will not dissolve until it reaches the small intestine ► for drugs that are irritating to stomach or to avoid any other adverse effects in stomach e.g. Ibuprofen

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS Tablets & Capsule: Sustained-release tablet / Capsule: for continuous release of small doses of the drug over an extended time period to duration of action dosing frequency compliance

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS (DRUG PREPARATIONS) Powder: very fine particles of drug(s) for internal or external use Effervescent powder / tablet: ► Drug mixed with sodium bicarbonate or citric acid. ► When mixed with liquid, release carbon dioxide, causing effervescence (BUBBLING)

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS (DRUG PREPARATIONS) Aqueous solutions: Drug(s) DISSOLVE in ----- WATER or NORMAL SALINE Alcoholic solutions: Drug(s) DISSOLVE in ALCOHOL

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS Aqueous solutions: e.g. Enemas ----- administered rectally -- for --- local -- or--- systemic effect Gargles Mouth washes Nasal solutions Otic solutions

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS (DRUG PREPARATIONS) Aqueous solutions: Syrup: aqueous solution saturated with SUGAR usually contain a flavoring agent that assists in disguising the taste of the drug mixed in syrup

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS Alcoholic solutions: Spirit or essence: Volatile drug dissolved in alcohol. Elixir: Spirit that has been sweetened and/or flavored. Tincture: Solution made by extracting from the CRUDE (plant or vegetable) source those constituents of a drug that are soluble in alcohol.

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS Aqueous suspension: Finely divided SOLID PARTICLES (POWDERS) of a drug suspended in a FLUID. They are NOT DISSOLVED in the fluid.

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS (DRUG PREPARATIONS) Emulsion: A preparation of one LIQUID distributed in small globules throughout the body of a second LIQUID The dispersed liquid is the discontinuous phase, & the dispersion medium is the continuous phase.

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS (DRUG PREPARATIONS) Emulsion: Oil-in-water emulsion Oil --- is the --- dispersed liquid & aqueous solution -- is the -- continuous phase. Water -in-oil emulsion Aqueous solution -- is the – dispersed phase & oil --- is the ---- continuous phase.

Ointment Drug or mixture of drugs added to a semisolid base, such as petroleum jelly or lanolin. Some ointments contain a water soluble base. For local effects skin eye - systemic effect transdermal application (e.g., nitroglycerine)

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS Lotion: Liquid medicinal suspension applied externally. Various lotions are designed for protection, lubrication, cleansing, cooling, or antipruritic effects. Cream: emulsions that contain an aqueous base

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS Suppository: ► Drug mixed with a fatty base and molded into shapes suitable for insertion into the rectum, vagina, or urethra. ► A urethral suppository is called a ---- bougie. ► A vaginal suppository is called a ----- pessary. ► for a local or systemic effect.

DRUG DOSAGE FORMS Aerosols: Aerosols are particles dispersed in a gas, the particles being small enough to remain in suspension for a long time instead of sedimenting rapidly under the influence of gravity; the particles may be liquid (fog) or solid (smoke)

COMPOSITION OF TABLET Active ingredient + other substances Diluent: Binder: Lubricant: Disintegrator: Coloring agent: Flavoring agent: