The Roots of Representative Government Chapter 5.2

Robin Hood

Henry II, King of England

John a Failure?

3rd Crusade Richard is called away to fight in the 3rd crusade…John is in charge while he is away and tries to take over…fails

Richard returns and takes back control…but dies later in a war with France John becomes king

Evil King John? Raised taxes to finance a war with France Reforms military Treats nobles horribly

Forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 1. Guaranteed that the nobleman and freemen could not have their property seized by kings or officials 2. People could not be taxed, unless council of prominent men agreed 3. Could not be put on trial without officials 4. Only punished by a jury of those in the same social rank

Limits the rights of the king and will eventually benefit slaves, indentured servants, merchants and craftsmen, nobles and freemen This is one of the first written documents of for representative government

Parliament and Colonial Government

Parliament – lawmaking body in England House of Lords House of Commons Nonelected nobles, judges, church officials Reps voted in by the people

For example: The House of Burgesses Parliament is too far from colonies to directly govern…so they set up their own elected assemblies For example: The House of Burgesses

But… England establishes royal governor and passes laws that effect the colonies (though they did not have representatives in England)

A Royal Governor’s Rule King James II becomes king in 1685 Wants to combine Mass. with Northern colonies into the Dominion of New England Edmund Andros becomes the royal governor

Colonists are angry… Representative bodies are ended Town meetings are reduced to once a year Some refuse to pay taxes and are jailed Increase Mather is sent to England to talk to the king…

A document called the ______________, created in England in 1215, limited powers of the King. 1) Declaration of Independence 2) The English bill of Rights 3) Parliamentary Papers 4) Magna Carta

_____________ was England’s chief lawmaking body. 1) Parliament 2) The Royal Court 3) Congress 4) The House of Burgesses

One of the most important English rights was… 1) the right to choose a new king or queen 2) the right to elect representatives to government 3) the right against self-incrimination 4) the right to bear arms

___________ was a Royal Governor appointed by King James II to take over the New England colonies. 1) John Peter Zenger 2) Edward Anderson 3) Edmund Andros 4) John Smith

But England was in the middle of what is known as the…

The Main Players James II, King of England William Cavendish – Head of Parliament William Orange (King of Netherlands) and Mary (James’ daughter)

The Glorious Revolution

William and Mary are the new King and Queen of England, but… Parliament is really in control

English Bill of Rights (1689) Upheld by William and Mary Agreement to respect rights of English citizens and Parliament Could not cancel laws or impose taxes unless Parliament agreed Free elections and frequent meetings of Parliament Excessive fines and cruel punishment band People had the right to complain about King/Queen in Parliament without being arrested THE GOVERNMENT WAS TO BASED ON LAWS MADE BY PARLIAMENT NOT THE RULER

The colonies claimed these rights and jailed Andros – they asked Parliament to restore their old governments

Salutary Neglect Parliament restores colonies governments Parliament still makes law that effect colonies, but they are rarely enforced Colonies learn to act on their own

The Zenger Trial – The Main Players John Peter Zenger – wrote for the New York Weekly Journal William Cosby – royal governor of New York Andrew Hamilton - lawyer

Zenger Prints The Articles… Andrew Hamilton defends him Claims that Zenger has the right to print and speak the truth The jury agrees and Zenger is released Big step for freedom of the press

The challenge to the leadership of James II in 1688 was called England’s ___________. 1) Glorious Revolution 2) Workers Rebellion 3) Grand Experiment 4) Time of Troubles

In 1688 Parliament usurped the power of James II and replaced him with ___________. 1) Queen Elizabeth II 2) Oliver Cromwell 3) A democratic government 4) William and Mary

William and Mary agreed in 1689 to uphold the ________, an agreement that respected the rights of English citizens and of Parliament 1) Magna Carta 2) English Bill of Rights 3) Constitution 4) Mayflower Compact

All of the following were provisions of the English Bill of Rights except: 1) the king or queen could not cancel laws or impose taxes, unless Parliament agreed 2) only Parliament could appoint Royal Governors to the colonies 3) Excessive fines and cruel punishment were forbidden 4) People had the right to complain to the king or queen in Parliament without being arrested

After the Glorious Revolution, the Massachusetts colonists regained some __________ but still had __________ appointed by crown. 1) self-government, an Assembly 2) captured lands, a Royal Governor 3) self-government, a Royal Governor 4) captured lands, a Regent

England’s hands-off policy with regard to the colonies was called _________ 1) laissez-faire capitalism 2) salutary neglect 3) the Glorious Revolution 4) salutatory negligence

In 1735 ___________ stood trial for printing criticism of New York’s governor and won by claiming that people had the right to speak the truth. 1) John Zenger 2) Edmund Andros 3) George Whitefield 4) Jonathan Edwards