Lecture 2: Historical and Philosophical Roots Learning, Psychology 5310 Spring, 2015 Professor Delamater.

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Lecture 2: Historical and Philosophical Roots Learning, Psychology 5310 Spring, 2015 Professor Delamater

Associative Learning: 3 Influences 1.Philosophy of Mind 2.Russian Physiology 3.Evolutionary Theory

Philosophy of Mind 1.Descartes 2.British Empiricists (e.g., Hobbes, Hume, Locke) 3.Rationalists (e.g., Kant)

Philosophy of Mind Descartes 1.Mind/Body Dualism a. Non-physical | Physical b.Voluntary | Involuntary Behavior b.Human | Animal Minds c.No Laws controlling Mind| Involuntary behavior is lawful d.No mechanisms of mind | Reflex is basic mechanism of invol beh

Philosophy of Mind British Empiricists 1.Offered mechanistic explanation for mind a.Hobbes: Law of hedonism b.Hume, Locke: - Empiricism - Elementalism - Associationism (e.g., Law of Temporal Contiguity)

Russian Physiologists Sechenov 1.All behavior controlled by stimulus antecedents 2.Inhibitory Reflex (to help explain voluntary behavior) 3.Reflex acted as a trigger, not energy reflected (as Descartes imagined) Pavlov 1.Developed a method (a paradigm) to study learning & brain 2.This method could be used to study empirical laws 3.Excitatory & Inhibitory Unconditioned & Conditioned reflexes control behavior

Evolutionary Theory Darwin 1.Mental Continuity among species (justifies search for general laws of behavior) 2.Species diversity (there may be differences as well) Thorndike 1.Applied idea of random variation and natural selection to help explain the behavior of individual organisms within their lifetime 2.This can be illustrated through his law of effect a.Random Response variation b.Reinforcement “selects” the correct response by strengthening a connection between the stimulus situation and the correct response (S-R association)