Theoretical review of public engagement in nursing George Kernohan Professor of Health Research

15 minutes:  Why  Ladders and quadrants  What involvement looks like  Where to from here?

Why?  Accountability to the ultimate funders (you)  To manage increasing expectations  Reducing inequalities – reach the hard to reach  User involvement = better outcomes  National and local policy drivers, Standards for Better Health  Legal requirement

Ladders and quadrants provide theory  Arnstein’s ladder of citizen participation  Hodges Health Career Model Arnstein, Sherry R. "A Ladder of Citizen Participation," Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Vol. 35, No. 4, July 1969, pp Jones, P. (2003) Hodges' Health Career Care Domains Model

Hodges Health Career Model Individual Groups Mechanistic Humanistic Science & medicine Policy Social context Interpersonal care Inform and comply with treatment Guidelines improve systems Engage in politics, culture of care Holistic care in partnership Patient/client council Advocacy Self-care Curricula planning/delivery Person-centred care Voluntary sector Internet support

Public involvement is crucial in nursing & nursing research. A theoretical framework allows us to climbing the ladder of participation, towards healthy engagement Where to from here?

Thank you!