3. FACULITY Sir Ramesh Kumar Presented by Sajida Parveen Date 19 OCT 2015

4. OBJECTIVES By the end of presentation student will be able to: Define the Culture Define Ethnicity Define Religion Transcultural nursing Madeleine leininger transcultural theory Giver and devidhizars model Purnels transcultural nursing model Theories applicable to nursing Importance of transcultural nursing

5. CULTURE Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine (To cook), social habits, music and arts.

6. ETHNICITY is a sense of identification associated with a cultural group ’ s common social and cultural heritage. Ethnicity is indicative of the following characteristics a group may share in some combination: i. Common geographic origin ii. Migratory status iii. Race iv. Language and dialect v. Religious faith or faiths

7. ETHNICITY vi. Shared traditions, values, and symbovi vii. Literature, folklore, and music viii. Food preferences ix. Settlement and employment patterns x. Special interest with regard to politics in the homeland and in the United States xi. Institutions that specifically serve and maintain the group

8. RELIGION " The belief in a divine or superhuman power or powers to be obeyed and worshipped as the creator(s) and ruler (s) of the universe; and a system of beliefs, practices and ethical values. when religion is discussed, culture and ethnicity must also be included.

9. TRANSCULTURAL NURSING Transcultural nursing is how professional nursing interacts with the concept of culture. Based in anthropology and nursing. "the humanistic and scientific area of formal study and practice in nursing which is focused on differences and similarities among cultures with respect to human care, health, and illness based on people's cultural values, beliefs, and practices, and to use this knowledge to give culturally specific or culturally congruent nursing care to people“ “Leininger”

11. Major Factors in Transcultural Nursing (1) Beliefs about illness, causes and cures (2) Nutrition and dietary practices (3) Disorders specific to a particular ethnic group (4) Religious beliefs about illness and death

12. MADELEINE LEININGER Madeleine Leininger considered as the founder of the theory of transcultural nursing. Her theory has now developed as a discipline in nursing.

13. MADELEINE LEININGER

14. LEININGER ’ S SUNRISE MODEL THEORY OF TRANSCULTURAL CARE DIVERSITY AND UNIVERSALITY In 1954 Focuses on describing, explaining, and predicting nursing similarities and differences primarily on human care and caring in human cultures. Leininger uses word view, social structure, ethnohistory, environmental context, and the generic (folk) and professional systems to provide a comprehensive and holistic view of influences in culture care and well-being.

16. LEININGER ’ S SUNRISE MODEL THEORY OF TRANSCULTURAL CARE This model emphasizes that health and care are influenced by elements of the social structure, such as technology, religious and philosophic factors, kinship and social systems, cultural values, political and legal factors, economic factors, and educational factors.

17. THE GIGER AND DAVIDHIZAR ’ S TRANSCULTURAL MODEL In 1988develope a theory that Culturally diverse nursing must take into account six cultural phenomena that vary but are evident in all cultural groups and affect health care environmental control, biological variations, social organization Communication, space, and time orientation.

18. THE GIGER AND DAVIDHIZAR ’ S TRANSCULTURAL MODEL This model is specially help full for nursing student or nurses or other health care professional who are developing an interest in providing appropriate care for patient from diverse culture. (Giger and Davidhizar)

19. THE PURNELL MODEL FOR CULTURAL COMPETENCY An organizing framework of 12 domains as well as the primary and secondary characteristics of culture which determine the belief, value and practice of an individual's cultural heritage. The model can be used by multidisciplinary members of the health health care team in a variety of primary, secondary and tertiary setting.

20. THE PURNELL MODEL FOR CULTURAL COMPETENCY (1) Overview, inhabited localities, and topography (2) Communication (3) Family roles and organization (4) Workforce Issues (5) Biocultural ecology (6) High-risk behaviors (7) Nutrition (8) Pregnancy and child-bearing Practices (9) Death rituals (10) Spirituality (11) Health-care practices (12) Health-care practitioners

21. APPLICATION TO NURSING To develop understanding, respect and appreciation for the individuality and diversity of patients beliefs, values, spirituality and culture regarding illness, its meaning, cause, treatment, and outcome. To encourage in developing and maintaining a program of physical, emotional and spiritual self-care introduce therapies.

22. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSCULTURAL NURSING Determine the client's cultural heritage and language skills. Determine if any of his health beliefs relate to the cause of the illness or to the problem. Collect information that any home remedies the person is taking to treat the symptoms Nurses should evaluate their attitudes toward ethnic nursing care. Self-evaluation helps the nurse to become more comfortable when providing care to clients from diverse backgrounds

23. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSCULTURAL NURSING Understand the influence of culture, race &ethnicity on the development of social emotional relationship, child Rearing practices & attitude toward health. Collect information about the socioeconomic status of the family and its influence on their health promotion and wellness. Identify the religious practices of the family and their influence on health promotion belief in families. Understanding of the general characteristics of the major ethnic groups, but always individualize care.

24. REFRERENCES Margaret M. Andrews and Joyceen S. Boyle (TRANSCULTURAL CONSEPTS in NURSING CARE) 6th edition. Journal of professional nursing (Andrew MM 1992) Patterns of resistance (Boyle J.S 1999)