Changes on the Western Front Chapter 5

▪ Which region grew the fastest between 1850 and 1900? ▪ What do you think contributed to the overall increase? ▪ Which region experienced the least amount of growth between 1850 and 1900? ▪ What factors contributed to the slow population growth? Chart Questions – Population Growth

1. Railroads Open to the West ▪ Federal government began to give land grants to the railroads ▪ Two companies ▪ Central Pacific ▪ Union Pacific ▪ Some companies also sold land to farmers…Why?

2. Government Support for Settlement ▪ Congress passed the Homestead Act: _____________________________________ _____________________________________ ▪ Created additional legislation to strengthen the Homestead Act in the 1880s ▪ Legislation passed to protect the wilderness from settlement. ▪ Yellowstone National Park created ▪ By 1890, the census declared the frontier no longer exhisted

3. Inventions and improvements in Farm Technology ▪ Challenges required new tools and technology ▪ New devices created

4. Agricultural Education ▪ Federal government support farms through education. ▪ Morrill Act: _______________________________________ ▪ Hatch Act: _______________________________________

CausesEffects 1. Land grants given to the railroads 2. The Homestead Act and related laws were passed in 1870s 3. Inventions and improvements in farm technology 4. The Morrill Land Grant Acts and Hatch Act

Create a Blueprint Include descriptions/lists of: ▪ dimensions ▪ how many people it can accommodate ▪ materials needed for each part ▪ surrounding resources used ▪ interior design ▪ belongings and objects in the house Remember: ▪ You don’t have much $ ▪ Have a family (at least 3 children) ▪ Types of climates/conditions

The Populist Movement Section 3

Economic Distress ▪ Farmers faced many common problems ▪ crop prices ▪ Farmers mortgaged their farms to buy more land ▪ Greenbacks taken out of circulation (worth less than coin and paper counterparts) ▪ Money in circulation increased in value ▪ Farmers had to pay back more money than they borrowed

Railroad Issues ▪ Lack of competition among railroads ▪ Shipping costs ▪ Secret agreements to brokers and merchants ▪ Farmers continued to mortgage property to pay for seed, supply, and shipping The Farmers and the Railroads: The Grange Awakening the Sleepers

The Populist Party Platform ▪ Increase money supply ▪ Graduated income tax ▪ Federal loan program ▪ U.S. election of senators by popular vote ▪ Single terms for president and vice president ▪ Secret ballot ▪ 8 hour work day ▪ Restrictions on immigration

Panic of 1893 Railroads went bankrupt People panicked and traded in paper money for gold Stock prices fell Price of silver fell Fell into a depression

Silver or Gold Silver ▪ Democrats ▪ “silverites” – favored bimetallism ▪ More plentiful ▪ Believed it would stimulate the economy Gold ▪ Republicans ▪ “gold bugs” – favored gold standard ▪ Believed paper money was worthless if traded for either metal ▪ Creates a more stable economy

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Author : Frank Baum Written in 1900 Supporter of Bryan and the silver movement

In the book, the ruby slippers were silver slippers to represent the silver movement. It was changed to ruby for the movie, because the color was so bright! The City of “Oz” Oz = ounces, standard unit of measure for gold & silver

In the book, the ruby slippers were silver slippers to represent the silver movement. It was changed to ruby for the movie, because the color was so bright! The City of “Oz” Oz = ounces, standard unit of measure for gold & silver

The Yellow Brick Road: Gold Standard, gold & Silver must work together to reach the Emerald City! The Emerald City: Green to represent Greenbacks, or the new paper money

Dorothy: Miss Everyman– The American People Young, Naïve, & simple The Scarecrow: Midwestern Farmers Brainless, but clever & takes over Oz in the end.

The Tin Woodsman: Industrial Workers replaced by faster working and more efficient machines The Cowardly Lion: William Jennings Bryant– Ran for President 3 times, thinks he is not courageous but finds in the end he is.

The Wizard: President William McKinley-- thought to be all powerful but proven to be a fraud The Tornado: Political upheaval & the silver standard movement

Wicked Witches- Represent supporters of President McKinley East—influence on hard labor & enslavement West– the evil that still exists

Glinda The Good Witch: Supporters of Bryan of the North & South Protector of the People The Munchkins: Ordinary citizens oppressed by the bad influences of the East & West: enslaved until freed by killing the evil of the East

Toto: Fun, colorful, playful, so loved by Dorothy & the protector. The Flying Monkeys: The Indians of the Great Plains—once roamed free but were enslaved by the evil forces of the East & West.

There’s No Place Like Home… Kansas: Sad times of struggling Midwestern farmers—Rough, Gray, Drought, weathered, worn. But no place is better than home!

“The Cross of Gold” ▪ Speech given during the Democratic National Convention ▪ William Jennings Bryan won the presidential nomination for both Democratic and Populist Parties. ▪ William McKinley ran for the Republican Party

Results of the 1896 Election ▪ what were the results of the 1896 election? ▪ what factors contributed to the outcome?