NEUROMORFOLOGÍA: EL MODELO DECLARATIVO- PROCESAL 28 MAR 2011 – DÍA 30 Neurolingüística del español SPAN 4270 Harry Howard Tulane University

ORGANIZACIÓN DEL CURSO Neurospan/ El curso es apto para un electivo en neurociencia. Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology está en reserva en la biblioteca. Human Research Protection Program Before beginning research at Tulane University, all research personnel must complete the CITI Training Program; this can be completed at 03/25/11 2 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

REPASO La prueba es el repaso 03/25/11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University 3

TAXONOMY OF MEMORY 03/25/11 4 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

SUMMARY is memory for habits & skills learns rule-like relations in a context learns quickly, from a single presentation is not available to other mental modules (= informationally encapsulated) is mostly unconscious (implicit) is memory for facts & events learns arbitrary relations learns slowly, from many presentations is available to other mental modules (≠ informationally encapsulated) is mostly conscious (explicit) Procedural memoryDeclarative memory 03/25/11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University 5

THE NEURAL SUBSTRATE OF DECLARATIVE MEMORY medial temporal lobe structures hippocampal region (the dentate gyrus, the subicular complex, and the hippocampus itself) its input/output cortices: entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, and parahippocampal cortex some subcortical structures, such as thalamus 03/25/11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University 6

THE HIPPOCAMPUS 03/25/11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University 7

GENERAL CONTROL OF MOVEMENT BY THE CEREBRAL CORTEX 03/25/11 8 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

BASIC SCHEME OF INFORMATION FLOW THROUGH THE BASAL GANGLIA 03/25/11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University 9

THE DECLARATIVE/PROCEDURAL MODEL OF LANGUAGE The declarative memory system subserves the lexicon. The procedural memory system subserves grammar. 03/25/11 10 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

DECLARATIVE MEMORY & THE LEXICON stores all arbitrary, idiosyncratic word-specific knowledge, including word meanings, word sounds, and abstract representations such as word category includes representations of simple (non-derivable) words such as cat, bound morphemes such as -ed, irregular morphological forms, verb complements, and idioms also contains complex forms and abstract structures that are “regular” supports a superpositional associative memory, which allows for generalizations across representations. For example, the memorization of phonologically similar stem- irregular past tense pairs (e.g. spring – sprang, sing – sang) may allow for memory-based generalization to new irregularizations, either from real words (bring – brang) or from novel ones (spling – splang). This ability to generalize could underlie some degree of productivity within the memory system 03/25/11 11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

PROCEDURAL MEMORY & GRAMMAR underlies the learning of new, and the computation of already-learned, rule-based procedures that govern the regularities of language particularly those procedures related to combining items into complex structures that have precedence (sequential) and hierarchical relations builds rule-governed structure, i.e. the sequential and hierarchical combination – “merging” or concatenation – of forms and representations into complex structures: syntax (word order) inflectional and derivational morphology – at least for default “regulars” but also for irregulars that appear to be affixed phonology (the combination of sounds) compositional semantics (the meaning of the composition of words into complex structures) 03/25/11 12 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

GENERAL CONTROL OF MOVEMENT BY THE CEREBRAL CORTEX 03/25/11 13 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

NEUROMORFOLOGÍA 03/25/11 14 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

RUTAS SENCILLA VS. DUAL En un modelo de ruta sencilla, todas las palabras se reconocen por medio del mismo mecanismo: como palabras enteras en modelos que no hacen una segmentación, o como morfemas sueltas en modelos que hacen una segmentación. En un modelo de ruta dual algunas palabras pasan por una segmentación y otras no, o todas las palabras pasan tanto por una segmentación como por una analisis como unidad. 03/25/11 15 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

¿QUÉ PALABRAS NECESITAN SEMENTACIÓN? 03/25/11 16 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

EL PRÓXIMO DÍA Más neuromorfología 03/25/11 17 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University