COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MPA 503 LECTURE 32 REVISION SESSION II

Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INDIA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 1) Type of Constitution Unwritten and flexible, oldest constitutional system, blend of monarchy aristocracy and democracy convention and statues Written and rigid, oldest written, constitution, 2/3 votes of both houses required to amend Written and rigid, impact of French revolution a new constitution after every 12 years Written and rigid, Meiji constitution was authoritarian Renunciation of war Written and rigid, sovereign socialist, secular democratic republic Written and rigid, Islamic republic 2) Nature of state Unitary and monarchy, local governments vested with sufficient powers Federal and republic , Federation of 50 states with residuary power vested in the states Unitary and republic, all powers vested in a single supreme government, more unitary then Britain Unitary and monarchy, the Diet can expand or diminish authority of provincial governments Federal and republic, majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law Federal and republic, recent devolution of powers from higher to lower governments

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 3) Type of Government Parliamentary House of commons is the powerful house Presidential Senate is the powerful house Quasi-Presidential The constitution does not specifically provide for any form of government Emperor nominal executive by cabinet is the real executive Prime Minister is the real executive 4) Type of Legislature Bicameral ( Parliament- House of Lords & house of Commons) Bicameral ( Congress-senate & house of representatives ) Bicameral (Parliament – senate & National Assembly) Bicameral (Diet-house of councilors ) Bicameral Raj Saba and Lok Saba Senate and National Assembly

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 5) Model of Bureaucracy Weberian (patronage) Weberian (spoil system) Weberian (merit base powerful, centralized) Previously Offices are sold Weberian (merit based elitist) Weberian ( merit based powerful) Weberian (merit based powerful) 6) Machinery for Redress of citizen’s grievances Parliamentary commissioner for administration Whitley councils No special Machinery Administrative courts No special machinery Directorate of Public Grievances in the cabinet division Ombudsman Service tribunal

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 7) Autonomy of local Governments Less autonomy More autonomy No autonomy Developing autonomy 8) Political Rights of Civil servants Restricted at higher level and permitted at lower level Restricted Enjoyed( bureaucrats are allowed to politicize) limited

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 9) Rights to strike of civil servants No denied legally Legally denied Legally permitted Not allowed 10) Recruitment of civil savants Merit system High degree of centralization Considered and administrative state

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 11) Right to Association of civil servants Given given 12) Retirement age for civil servant 60-65 years 65-70 years 60 years After retirement civil servants are adjusted in private sectors

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 13) Financial year April to March July to June Jan. to December 14) Type of Budget Single Budget Single budget Plural Budget Plural budget

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 15) Type of planning Capitalistic 16) Party system Two-party Multi-party

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 17) Political order Liberal-democracy Mature democracy Developing democracy 18) Central planning machinery No centralized planning body Economic advisory council Planning commissariat Economic planning agency Planning commission

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 19) Central financial agency Treasury Office management and budget Ministry of finance and economy Ministry of finance 20) Central recruitment Civil service commission Office of personnel management Ecole Nationaled’ administration National personnel authority Union public service commission Federal public service commission

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 21) Central auditing agency Comptroller and Auditor-General Comptroller General Court of accounts Board of audit Auditor-general 22) Judicial Review Absent Present available

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 23) Major Political Parties Conservative and Labour Democratic and Republican Communist, socialist, and Union for new Republic Democratic, Japan Socialist, democratic socialist, and communist Congress, Communist party of India, and BJP PML-N, Peoples party, PTI 24) Type of franchise Universal Adult franchise Universal adult franchise

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 25) Central personnel agency Treasury (1612) and office of the Minister for Civil Service (1987) Office of Personnel Management (1978) Central Civil Service Directorate (1946) National Personnel Authority (1949) Ministry of personnel Establishment division 26) Governmental organization regulated by Executive Legislature

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 28) Basic Administrative Unit Single Ministry Double Executive Department Single ministry

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 29) Central Training Agency Civil Service College (1969) No Central Training Agency Ecole nationaled’ Administration Institute of public administration National Academy of administration Civil service Academy 30) Type of classification in civil service Rank Position

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 31) Local government Tier County , ( Metropolitan / non metropolitan) District( metropolitan/non metropolitan) Perishes / towns Borrows (London) Counties/ municipality, City town/ township, Village, Special districts Department, Arrondisement, Canton, commune Prefecture , City town village, District, Zila Parishat, Mandal panchayat, Gram panchayat ( 3million elected panchayat members) Tehsil , Union 32) Top local Chief Executive County Chairman Prefect Governor Administrative Officer Nazim

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 33) Historical basis of recruitment Patronage system Spoils system System of Sale of Offices Patronage System Merit system 34) Head of the State King/Queen President Emperor

Elements of Comparison Great Britain (Deferential civic Culture) USA (Participant Civic Culture) FRANCE (classic administrative system) JAPAN (adaptive Modernizing administration) INIDA (Mature Democracy) PAKISTAN (Developing Democracy) 35) More Powerful House Lower House Upper House