1. Chapter Nine Politics in Russia
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3. Country Bio: Russia
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5. The Contemporary Constitutional Order
1993 constitution combined elements of presidentialism and parliamentarism
Separation of executive, legislative,, judicial branches
Federal division of power between central and regional levels of government
Gave president wide power
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7. The Contemporary Constitutional Order: The Presidency
President appoints prime minister, government
Has right to issue presidential decrees, which have force of law
Prime minister primarily responsible for economic, social policy
President oversees ministries, other bodies concerned with coercion, law enforcement, state security
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8. The Contemporary Constitutional Order: The Presidency
President can dissolve parliament or dismiss government
Head of state, commander of chief
Security Council – chaired by president
formulates policy in foreign & defense areas
State Council – heads of regional governments
Public Chamber
126 members from civic, sports, artistic, other NGOS
deliberate on matters of public policy
may diminish role of Parliament
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9. The Contemporary Constitutional Order: The Government
Senior echelon of leadership in executive branch
Charged with formulating national policy
economic and social
corresponds to Cabinet in Western parliamentary systems
not party government
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10. The Contemporary Constitutional Order: The Parliament
Federal Assembly is bicameral
Lower house: State Duma
Upper house: Federation Council
Legislation originates in Duma
Federal Council can pass, reject, call for formation of agreement commission to iron out differences
If Duma rejects upper house’s changes, can override Federation Council by two-thirds vote and send bill directly to president
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12. The Contemporary Constitutional Order: The Parliament
When bill clears parliament, goes to president for signature
If president refuses to sign bill, returns to Duma
Duma pass with amendments or override veto with two-thirds vote
Federation Council must approve bill; simple majority if it approves president’s amendments or two-thirds to override president
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13. The Judiciary and Law Enforcement
The Procuracy
Comparable to prosecuting attorneys in U.S.
Wide-ranging responsibilities, centralized hierarchy
The Judiciary
Unitary hierarchy: all are federal courts
Supreme Commercial Court is highest appellate court, source of instruction, direction to lower courts
Judges nominated by president, confirmed by Federation Council
Ministry of Justice oversees court system, lacks authority over procuracy
The Bar
Advocates, comparable to defense attorneys in U.S.
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14. The Constitutional Court
1993 Constitution provides for judicial review by Constitutional Court
Presidential authority is challenge for court
Central Government and Regions
80% of population ethnically Russian
Ethnic minorities each no more than 4%
Currently has 83 territorial units
republics, districts, provinces, territories, cities
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17. Political Participation
Elite Recruitment
Institutional process in society by which people gain access to positions of influence, responsibility
Soviet regime: Communist Party nomenklatura
Today, mixture of career types
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25. Russia and the International Community
Has not fully embraced integration into international community
Has not accepted constraints of international law
Expanded military presence in several former Soviet republics
Post-communist transition has been difficult, incomplete
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