Implementation of ADS-B in Australia ASAS-TN Workshop Malmo, October 2003 Implementation of ADS-B in Australia ASAS-TN Workshop Malmo, October 2003 Bob Peake Manager Technology Development Airservices Australia Bob Peake Manager Technology Development Airservices Australia

Package 1 is an initial set of ADS-B applications Agreed between US and Europe Consistent with “ADS-B Concept of Use” developed by the ICAO Oplink panel Accepted by ICAO at ANC 11 Package 1 consists of Five ground surveillance applications, and Seven airborne surveillance applications ADS-B “Package 1”

1.ATC surveillance for en-route airspace 2.ATC surveillance in terminal areas 3.ATC surveillance in non radar areas 4.Airport surface surveillance 5.Aircraft derived data for ground tools ADS-B Package 1 – Ground Surveillance Applications

1.Enhanced traffic situational awareness on the airport surface 2.Enhanced traffic situational awareness during flight operations 3.Enhanced visual acquisition for see and avoid 4.Enhanced successive visual approaches 5.Enhanced sequencing and merging operations 6.In trail procedure in oceanic airspace 7.Enhanced crossing and passing operations ADS-B Package 1 – Airborne Surveillance Applications

Why is Australia interested in ADS-B for ATC surveillance in non radar areas?

FAA Radar Coverage – FL 200

European Mode S Radars

75E 2S 163E Australian Radar Coverage

Australia compared to Europe

International Routes to and from Australia

75E (1) 2S 163E ATC Environments (1) Radar control Radar + VHF (2) Non radar continental ADS-C(FANS1/A) + VHF CPDLC(FANS1/A) Pilot reports (3) Oceanic ADS + CPDLC(FANS1/A) Pilot reports + HF TAAATS integrates Radar, ADS-C and Flight Plan Tracks to provide a common ATC system for all environments - FANS 1 is available everywhere (2) (3) Australian ATC Environments

The Australian Operational Trial of ADS-B for ATC Ground Surveillance

Burnett Basin ADS-B Trial ADS-B trials are underway in Queensland’s Burnett Basin …paving the way for national implementation.

Traffic environment Less than 20 aircraft account for a high % of local flights RPT : Bundaberg, Maryborough, Hervey Bay & overflight to Gladstone & Rockhampton Charters off the coast, RFDS, parachuting and other GA Aircraft types Dash 8, Beech 200,General aviation, Energex Rescue Helicopter Limited Radar (SSR) coverage above FL120 only SYDNEY BRISBANE BURNETT BASIN Australian ADS-B Operational Trial – Burnett Basin

Deploy an operational “pilot” or trial system Avionics Ground station ATC processing & display system (TAAATS) software changes Develop procedures & commission for air traffic control to provide customer/ATC benefit to learn lessons from real operational use Report on possible wide-scale deployment Examine minimum cost GA solutions & strategies Prepare Cost/Benefit for wide scale deployment Make the Australian Aviation community aware of ADS-B Australian ADS-B Operational Trial - Ojectives

Aircraft State RS-232 Altitude Gillham A-429 RS-232 GPS Navigator Mode S Transponder ANTENNA ALTIMETER Non-TCAS Equipped Aircraft EXISTING NEW DF 17 Australian ADS-B Operational Trial - Avionics

TCAS Equipped Aircraft ANTENNA ALTIMETER EXISTING L-BAND SUPPRESSION BUS Aircraft State RS-232 Altitude Gillham A-429 RS-232 ANTENNA GPS NAVIGATOR GPS NAVIGATOR DIVERSITY TRANSPONDER DIVERSITY TRANSPONDER TCAS DISPLAY NEW DF 18 GPS Navigator Mode S Transponder Australian ADS-B Operational Trial - Avionics

Duplicated Receive Only Ground stations ADS-B receivers Antennas (DME type) UPSs Duplicated Tracking Processors located at the control centre ASTERIX format ADS-B tracks out Maintenance support Spares LRU exchange Training, etc Australian ADS-B Operational Trial – Ground Station

... ADS–B Tracks Flight Plan Tracks Radar Tracks ADS- C Tracks NEW SYMBOL Receives ASTERIX format ADS-B tracks Tracks linked to FDP by 24 bit code (CODE/) Extension to TAAATS display priority scheme Includes Safety Net alerts (MSAW etc) Updates to training simulators Updates to recording and analysis tools Integration of ADS-B on Operational ATC Displays

ATC safety alerting functions will be provided ADS-B Benefits Conflict AlertLow Altitude Alert Altitude Conformance Warning Route Conformance Warning

Operating Concepts and Procedures TAAATS already has operating concepts and procedures for Radar, ADS-C and Flight Plan Tracks on the one display Adding ADS-B as another category of data did not alter op. concept ADS-B being validated as equal to or better than radar Radar procedures and sep standards (5nm) then used with minimal changes for ADS-B 24 bit code in Flight Plan used for track to plan correlation ADS-B data not fused with radar for this implementation Avoids need to revalidate a fused tracking system Quality of ADS-B data HPL in Navigator -> NUC in Extended Squitter -> FOM in ASTERIX Data suppressed from display if FOM poor Site monitor transponder reports FOM from the site RAIM prediction service alerts controllers of possible periods of inadequate satellite coverage – managed like a scheduled radar outage Safety Case issues for ADS-B Trial

Australian ADS-B Operational Trial - Performance 4 Dash 8 Aircraft 2 Helicopters 2 RFDS B200

B200 Aircraft at Maryborough ~60Nm from ground station down to 100 feet Australian ADS-B Operational Trial - Performance

Radar (black) decoupled from ADS-B (green) to demonstrate performance Scale marker = 1 Nm Australian ADS-B Operational Trial - Performance

UPS B767 freighter en- route Sydney to Philippines ADS-B Equipped Not part of Australian “trial” fleet 225 Nm 235 Nm

ADS-B Separation Standards

FAA has approved 5nm in Alaska based on comparison with radar Airservices working with Regulator using the same approach plan 5 nm, and radar procedures for the operational trial ICAO SASP well advanced on ADS-B ICAO ADS-B separation standards expected available end 2004 ADS-B Separation Standards

Project to Implement ADS-B in Australia’s Upper Airspace

Australian ADS-B Upper Airspace Project Continent wide surveillance above FL300 ADS-B surveillance for ATC in non radar airspace Requires 20 – 25 ADS-B receiver sites Co-locate with existing VHF sites Status of project Project approved Tenders called Contracts expected Q Schedule Complete by end 2005 Follows European mandate for Enhanced Surveillance (Aircraft get ADS-B as part of the Enhanced Surveillance upgrade)

Existing Radar Coverage ADS-B Upper Airspace Program Approximately 20 ADS-B ground stations will be deployed in remote regions of Australia by the end of 2005 …expanding high level air traffic surveillance capability to over 97% of the Australian continent. Radar + ADS-B Coverage

ADS-B will enhance safety and increase operational flexibility for suitably equipped aircraft. ATC safety alerting will be provided − route and altitude monitoring − short term conflict detection Radar-like separation standards will apply Opens the possibility for “enhanced see and avoid” operating concepts More details : ANC11/WP127, ICAO website ADS-B Benefits

Safety Issues in Australia’s Upper Airspace

Safety Incident Analysis : ADS-B Impact

ADS-B Avionics Expected Aircraft Fitment in Australia Airspace

SSR Mode S Enhanced Surveillance Mandatory in parts of Europe from March 2005 Requires upgrades to SSR transponders Manufacturers have decided to include ADS-B extended squitter in the same transponder upgrade Australian & Asian airlines will be upgrading their aircraft that fly to Europe Result will be many ADS-B equipped aircraft over Australia New aircraft now being delivered with ADS-B QANTAS A330, Air New Zealand A320 etc. UPS Freight aircraft also being upgraded Entire fleet of 103 B757 and B767 by end of 2003 These aircraft already being tracked on ADS-B in Australia Future ADS-B Avionics Fitment

Provides ATC surveillance where there is none today Using existing VHF sites & communication networks keeps costs low Provides significant safety benefits immediately Enables increased airline operating flexibility Airlines get added value from transponder investments for European Enhanced Surveillance Don’t need to wait for GA fitment Don’t need to wait for more advanced aspects (CDTI) Strategic push towards widescale deployment in Asia Pacific Asia Pacific expected to lead the way for ground surveillance USA/Europe already have adequate radar based ground surveillance, and do not need this ADS-B application Benefits from ADS-B in Upper Airspace

ICAO’s Asia Pacific Regional Plan for ADS-B Implementation

APANPIRG ADS-B Task force Australia, China, Hong Kong, Fiji, India, Japan, New Zealand, Pakistan, Singapore, Thailand, USA + IATA, SITA, IFALPA APANPIRG Resolutions Mode S extended squitter to be used for ATC ground surveillance application in AsiaPac Jan 2006 set as the target date for introduction of ground based surveillance services based on ADS-B More details : ANC11/WP128 from ICAO website ICAO Asia Pacific Regional Planning for ADS-B

Research and Development Projects

Addition of ADS-B extended squitter capability (DF18) to an existing Microair T2000 Mode A/C transponder Low cost, size and weight Current T2000 product: 61mm x 61mm x 160mm 600 grams 12V ADS-B R & D : Low Cost Transponder

Cost Effective Compliant Flexible as proposed by Control Vision Corp. makers of the AnywhereMap ™ and AnywhereWx ™ Moving Map GPS systems ADS-B R & D : CDTI for General Aviation

ADS-B in Upper Airspace First - ground surveillance in non radar areas Need identity, position and velocity Later – User Preferred Routes / Trajectories Intent could be valuable for ATC CDTI may facilitate ASAS crossing, passing etc? ADS-B in Lower Airspace Ground surveillance in non radar areas CDTI for situational awareness in Class E & G IFR + VFR in same airspace – regional airports ADS-B on Airports ADS-B + multilateration? CDTI with moving map? A Progression Towards ASAS?

Click on “ADS-B” for further information and progress reports Australian ADS-B Website

EXTRA SLIDES

Australian ADS-B Trial

75E (1) 2S 163E ATC Environments (1) Radar control radar + VHF ADS-B in lieu of enroute SSR? (2) Non radar continental ADS-B + VHF comms FANS1 ADS + VHF FANS1 CPDLC Pilot reports (3) Oceanic FANS1 ADS + CPDLC Pilot reports + HF TAAATS integrates Radar, ADS-B, ADS-C and Flight Plan Tracks to provide a common ATC system for all environments (2) (3) Future Australian ATC Environments with ADS-B

FL350

FL250

FL050