Chapter 21 section 1

Divine Right Select his ministers Censored speech & press Used “letters de cachet” Denied people a voice

This is the time before 1789 France had been divided into 3 Estates/ classes 1 st Estate 2 nd Estate 3 rd Estate

This is the time before 1789 France had been divided into 3 Estates/ classes 1 st Estate 2 nd Estate 3 rd Estate

Made up of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church Less than 1% Church owned 15% of all the land in France Collected vast amounts of money Rents Taxes Fees

Wealth was held by the higher clergy Bishops, Archbishops, and Abbots Did not have to pay taxes Parish priests preformed most of the church’s work Got little pay

Nobility Less than 2 % Paid little taxes Collected dues from peasants Held highest positions in the army and government Eldest sons had the right to inherit lands and titles

97% of the population were part of this class Top part were the Bourgeoisie Urban middle class Merchants, Manufacturers, and professionals Educated and wealthy

Below the Bourgeoisie were three groups Artisans, city workers, and rural peasants Peasants Largest group Feudal dues and labor services Heavy Taxes – almost all the tax burden Remained under absolute control of their landlords and king

Mid 1700’s discontent began to grow Some of the factors that contributed to the growing discontent was: Population growth Higher rent to the peasants Food prices raising Wages not going up Bourgeoisie prospered during this time Merchants and manufacturers paying taxes Nobles and clergy did not have to pay taxes Wanted to conduct business without the government interfering

Louis XV 59 years Longest in French History Debts from Louis XIV continued to grow Taxes were not providing enough money Louis would barrow from the bankers

Louis XVI succeeded Louis XV Strengthen Alliance with Austria Married Marie- Antoinette Daughter of Maria Theresa Debts will continue to grow due to Frances’ assistance to the United States American Revolution Will try to tax the fist two estates

August 1788 called the first meeting of the Estate Generals Versailles The Cahiers – list of grievances Each estate could express their hopes and grievances to King.

May 5, 1789 First and Second Estate could outvote the Third Estate They wanted representatives to vote as individuals Louis instructed them to follow the old customs Meeting separately Vote as one body

Third Estate refused to obey Said that the Estate Generals represented the French people and not the three classes Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly Invited the other two classes to work with them Beginning of the French Revolution

Chapter 21 section 2

Louis allowed the Estate Generals to meet together Moved troops to Paris The people feared that Louis was going to drive out the National Assembly People took action

July 14, 1789 Captured Bastille Prison Symbol of royal oppression Led to a new government in Paris

General Lafayette Fought in the American Revolution People’s Army National Guard New Flag Red, White, and Blue Replaced the old flag Similar events were spreading across the land Great fear Peasants attacked manor houses and monasteries

National Assembly Believed that violence could be resolved through reforms Outlawed tithe Canceled all feudal dues Canceled services owed by peasants Removed privileges from the First and Second estate August 1789 did away with feudalism in France

Dealt with basic Human Rights and political powers Men are born equal and remain equal before the law Freedom of speech, press, and religion Guaranteed the right to a free trial “Liberty, equality, fraternity” Slogan

Émigrés Emigrants Will be trouble in years to come Nobles would flee to Great Britain, Switzerland, and Germany Plotting

Setting up new governments Correcting abuses First it will divide the country into 83 equal districts Departments Will call for elections of local officials

Seized land owned by the Catholic Church Sold to the public Paid off national debt 1790 Civil Constitution of the Clergy Law that people would elect their own clergy Government would pay the salaries of the bishops and priests Catholics became opposed to the revolution

Will limit the power of the king Divide the government into 3 branches Executive, legislative, and judicial King could no longer block or make laws Tax paying male-votes elected members to a legislative body Legislative Assembly Wealthy men still held the most power Louis XVI will agree

Even though Louis XVI agreed Plotted to overthrow the new government Émigrés Wanted Old Regime Louis and his family tried to escape People will no longer trust Louis

New constitution will go in effect for only a year Set up a weak executive branch Powerful and inexperienced legislative branch

Divided into 3 groups Conservatives Felt revolution had gone far enough King had limited authority Right Moderates No extreme view Center Radicals Wanted more drastic changes then were proposed Get rid of king, set up republic, broad reforms Left

Failures in war, and economic shortage led to mass uprising. Paris Prussians vowed to destroy Paris if the Royal family was harmed Revolutionary troops defended Paris