1. World History/Cultures Chapter 11 The French Revolution Section 1 The Old Order

2.  Terms/Name Estate: One of three social classes in France during the 1700s. First Estate- Roman Catholic clergy; Second Estate- Nobility; Third Estate- Commoners. Orders of society determined a person’s legal rights/status. Estate: One of three social classes in France during the 1700s. First Estate- Roman Catholic clergy; Second Estate- Nobility; Third Estate- Commoners. Orders of society determined a person’s legal rights/status. Tithe: 10% tax on income from each church member paid to the clergy. Tithe: 10% tax on income from each church member paid to the clergy. Bourgeoisie: Middle class between aristocrats & workers. The Third Estate. Bourgeoisie: Middle class between aristocrats & workers. The Third Estate.

3.  Terms/Name con’t King Louis XVI: 19 year old grandson of Louis XV. Upon grandfather’s death, became king in 1774. Wife- Marie Antoinette. Government Cost-cutting measures. Began taxing nobility & clergy. Both groups refused to be taxed. King summoned Estates-General to Versailles in May 1789. Hoped to gain agreement for tax. King Louis XVI: 19 year old grandson of Louis XV. Upon grandfather’s death, became king in 1774. Wife- Marie Antoinette. Government Cost-cutting measures. Began taxing nobility & clergy. Both groups refused to be taxed. King summoned Estates-General to Versailles in May 1789. Hoped to gain agreement for tax.  Monarchy controlled France, a rich & powerful country. Only a few wealthy. Majority- poor, had few rights & wanted a better life. American Revolution sparked their wanting change.

4. King Louis XVI Marie Antoinette

5.  Divisions of French Society People were grouped into one of three estates, orders of society. Third Estate members resented First & Second Estates. People were grouped into one of three estates, orders of society. Third Estate members resented First & Second Estates.

6.  First Estate Clergy, 1% of population. Higher & lower clergy. Clergy, 1% of population. Higher & lower clergy. Did not pay taxes. Did not pay taxes. Higher clergy controlled 5-10% of land. Grand lifestyles supported by tithes. Higher clergy controlled 5-10% of land. Grand lifestyles supported by tithes. Lower clergy- poor backgrounds; ran schools & parishes. Lower clergy- poor backgrounds; ran schools & parishes.

7.  Second Estate Nobility; 2% of population; owned 25% of land. Nobility; 2% of population; owned 25% of land. Grand lifestyles. Grand lifestyles. High posts in government & military. High posts in government & military. Main income from feudal dues from peasants who lived & worked on their land. Main income from feudal dues from peasants who lived & worked on their land.

8.  Third Estate 97% of population; peasants, artisans & members of bourgeoisie (middle class). 97% of population; peasants, artisans & members of bourgeoisie (middle class). Few political rights/privileges. Few political rights/privileges. Read Enlightment works- freedom/social justice. Read Enlightment works- freedom/social justice. Peasants owned 40% of land. Poor- had to pay tithes, feudal dues, fines & land tax. Peasants owned 40% of land. Poor- had to pay tithes, feudal dues, fines & land tax.

9.  Growing Unrest Third Estate demanded change due to high cost of living & desire for more political power. Third Estate demanded change due to high cost of living & desire for more political power. Second Estate- nobility wanted more political influence; resented monarchy. Second Estate- nobility wanted more political influence; resented monarchy. Government financial problems- debts from wars & extravagant lifestyle of Louis XV. Government financial problems- debts from wars & extravagant lifestyle of Louis XV. 1774- King Louis XVI in power & deals with financial crisis. Taxed nobility & clergy- refused to pay taxes. 1774- King Louis XVI in power & deals with financial crisis. Taxed nobility & clergy- refused to pay taxes. 1786- Banks refused to lend money to government. Crop failures in 1788-89 caused bread shortages. 1786- Banks refused to lend money to government. Crop failures in 1788-89 caused bread shortages. King Louis XVI called for Estates-General to meet. King Louis XVI called for Estates-General to meet.

10.  Meeting of Estates-General King Louis XVI hoped First & Second Estates would agree to be taxed. King Louis XVI hoped First & Second Estates would agree to be taxed. Second Estate wanted to protect privileges & gain control of government. First Estate wanted to control Third Estate. Second Estate wanted to protect privileges & gain control of government. First Estate wanted to control Third Estate. Third Estate refused plan of First & Second Estate. Called for joint meeting with each estate voting individually. Third Estate refused plan of First & Second Estate. Called for joint meeting with each estate voting individually. King demanded estates meet separately. Third Estate refused and locked out of Estates-General. King demanded estates meet separately. Third Estate refused and locked out of Estates-General.

11.  Meeting of Estates-General con’t Third Estate renamed the National Assembly and met at an indoor tennis court with deputies from First & Second Estates who supported them. Third Estate renamed the National Assembly and met at an indoor tennis court with deputies from First & Second Estates who supported them. National Assembly took the Tennis Court Oath. Promised not to disband until they wrote a constitution for France. National Assembly took the Tennis Court Oath. Promised not to disband until they wrote a constitution for France. King ordered First & Second Estates to join Third Estate’s National Assembly. King ordered First & Second Estates to join Third Estate’s National Assembly.

12.  Revolt National Assembly delegates expressed dismay with rigid French social order & government. Third Estate wanted social equality. Rebellion ideas spread. National Assembly delegates expressed dismay with rigid French social order & government. Third Estate wanted social equality. Rebellion ideas spread. King gathered more troops at palace in Versailles. King gathered more troops at palace in Versailles. Fearing king wanted to dissolve National Assembly & stop reforms, focused on Bastille, the French prison. Fearing king wanted to dissolve National Assembly & stop reforms, focused on Bastille, the French prison.

13. Bastille

14.  Events Lead to Revolution Bastille represented injustices of monarchy. Bastille represented injustices of monarchy. July 14, 1789: Mob surrounded Bastille to steal weapons & defend National Assembly. July 14, 1789: Mob surrounded Bastille to steal weapons & defend National Assembly. Mob freed 7 prisoners. 98 rioters killed. Prison commander & several soldiers killed. Mob freed 7 prisoners. 98 rioters killed. Prison commander & several soldiers killed. Outbreak led to formation of revolutionary government in Paris. Outbreak led to formation of revolutionary government in Paris. Bastille’s storming led to the Great Fear- violence. Hearing rumors, peasants feared losing land & armed themselves. Bastille’s storming led to the Great Fear- violence. Hearing rumors, peasants feared losing land & armed themselves. Peasants’ anxiety grew & turned to violence. Drove landlords off property & refused to pay feudal dues. Broke into manors & robbed granaries. First wave of French Revolution. Peasants’ anxiety grew & turned to violence. Drove landlords off property & refused to pay feudal dues. Broke into manors & robbed granaries. First wave of French Revolution.

15. The Great Fear