Soc Perspective 1 A SOCIOLOGICAL PERPSECTIVE ON FAMILY VIOLENCE OBJECTIVES UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOCIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY UNDERSTAND THE IDEA OF "SOCIAL CAUSES" AND LEARN HOW TO IDENTIFY THE SOCIAL CAUSES OF DIFFERENT FAMILY PATTERNS, INCLUDING FAMILY VIOLENCE

Soc Perspective 2 INTERRELATION OF SOCIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS, & BEHAVIOR 0F AN INDIVIDUAL PERSON CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOCIAL UNIT (FAMILY, CLUB, SCHOOL, STATE, NATION). INCLUDES CULTURAL NORMS AND BELIEFS CAUSE (“INDEPENDENT VARIABLE” ) EFFECT ( “DEPENDENT VARIABLE”) CHARACTERISTICS, & BEHAVIOR 0F AN INDIVIDUAL PERSON CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOCIAL UNIT (FAMILY, CLUB, SCHOOL, STATE, NATION). INCLUDES CULTURAL NORMS AND BELIEFS PSYCHOLOGY SOCIOLOGY SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Soc Perspective 3 EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENCES IN ISSUES THAT ARE THE FOCUS OF PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY: The effect of a child’s temperament on the child’s reading ability What Makes it Psychology? SOCIOLOGY:The effect of a child’s social class on whether a child goes to college, and which one What makes it Sociology? SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY The effect of a child’s temperament on the number of friends friendship group The effect of the number of friends on depression What makes these Social Psychology?

Soc Perspective 4 DIAGRAM AND EXAMPLES ARE AN AID TO UNDERSTANDING, NOT LITERALLY TRUE Deliberate exaggerations Many exceptions Much social psychology (especially small groups) is concerned with social organization Much sociology uses psychological variables Much anthropology is “social anthropology” and focuses on cultural norms and social organization

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6 WHAT IS A THEORY For Purposes Of This Course * AN EXPLANATION FOR WHY SOMETHING EXISTS, OCCURS, OR CHANGES * “PROVEN” OR ESTABLISHED THEORY VERSUS HYPOTHESIZED THEORY Proven means that the accumulated the evidence has reached the point where there is a concensus among scientists that the theory is correct. Examples: Heliocentric theory of the solar system Evolution Birds descended from dinasors now proven * ANY THEORY ABOUT HUMAN BEHAVIOR THAT IDENTIFIES ONLY ONE CASUSE IS PROBABLY WRONG IN THE SENSE OF INCOMPLETE Almost all behavior has multiple causes. Examples: Drinking problems Male dominance Social learning

Soc Perspective 7 CULTURAL NORMS * THE RULES SPECIFYING HOW TO BEHAVE THAT ARE TAUGHT TO MEMBERS OF A SOCIETY OR SEGMENT OF SOCIETY * NORMS ARE USUALLY SPECIFIC TO A TYPE OF PERSON AND A TYPE OF SITUATION WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES? Children versus adults In class and at the beach, ski area Among family members versus others * MANY CULTURAL NORMS ARE LEARNED AND FOLLOWED WITHOUT AN AWARENESS OF FOLLOWING RULES

Soc Perspective 8 THE CONCEPT OF A "SOCIAL SYSTEM" Social System is a concept that can help understanding all aspects of society, including violence Parts are interrelated and influence each other “Influence” does not mean one-to-one link. The fact that there are many influences makes that impossible. VIOLENCE LIKE ANY OTHER SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IS PART OF A SOCIAL SYSTEM Many aspects of society promote or inhibit violence Violence has many causes, not just one or two Violence in one sphere of life influences violence in other spheres of life Examples on next slide

Soc Perspective 9 EXAMPLES OF SYSTEMIC ASPECTS OF VIOLENCE: LEGITIMATE VIOLENCE INCREASES ILLEGITIMATE AND CRIMINAL VIOLENCE Corporal Punishment Of Children Increases Children Hitting Parents (next slide) Corporal Punishment of Children Increases Hitting of Dating and Marital Partners Capital Punishment Increases Murders War Increases Homicide Rates

Soc Perspective 10 Figure 1. PREVALENCE OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT BY NUMBER OF CHILDREN CP20VB2BP Adjusted Unadjusted NUMBER OF CHILDREN PERCENT

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Soc Perspective 12 WHAT DOES THIS CHART SHOW? A. Literal facts B. Conclusions

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Soc Perspective 14 EXAMPLES TO HELP UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CAUSES OF BEHAVIOR TWO ASEPCTS OF SOCIAL CAUSES * Cultural Norms * Social Organization EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL CAUSATION * I will give two examples, and explain them * Class will identify social causes for two family variables * You will write and identify two and turn those in for grading

Soc Perspective 15 CLASS TO DISCUSS AND SUGGEST EXAMPLES OF EACH

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Soc Perspective 18 Note: No two football games are ever identical. But we all know that does not mean that there are no regularities or structure.

Soc Perspective 19 CLASS TO SUGGEST

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Soc Perspective 21 CLASS TO SUGGEST EACH TYPE OF EXPLNATION

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Soc Perspective 36 CULTURAL NORMS * THE RULES SPECIFYING HOW TO BEHAVE THAT ARE TAUGHT TO MEMBERS OF A SOCIETY OR SEGMENT OF SOCIETY * NORMS ARE USUALLY SPECIFIC TO A TYPE OF PERSON AND A TYPE OF SITUATION * WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF NORMS? NOTE: MANY NORMS ARE TAUGHT AND FOLLOWED WITHOUT AN AWARENESS OF THEM: Standing in an Elevator Politeness in family

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