Animal Unit Ms. Skinner

 Alveoli—the part of the udder that manufactures milk.  Bos indicus—humped cattle found in tropical countries.  Bos taurus—domestic cattle originating from the Aurochs or Celtic Shorthorn.  BST—a hormone produced naturally by the pituitary gland of the cow  BSE—degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system of cattle. (aka Mad Cow)  Bull—A male bovine of any age that has not been castrated.

 Calf—a beef animal under one year of age.  Castration—the removal of testicles of a male animal.  Cattle—beef animals over one year of age.  Cow—a female bovine that has had one or more calves; or an older female that has matured.  Cow Index—in dairy cattle, a method of evaluating the genetic value of dairy cows  Dewlap—hanging fold of skin under the neck of animals. (cattle & goats)

 Feeder Calf—a weaned calf that is under on year of age and is sold to be fed for more growth.  Grass-fed—a diet of completely grasses or pasture feed.  Heifer—a female bovine that as now had a calf or has not matured.  Marbling—the presence and distribution of fat and lean in a cut of meat.  Polled—not having horns.  Reproduction—the production of offspring.

 Roughage—a feed containing more than 18% crude fiber when dry. Ex: hay, silage, pasture  Slaughter calves—calves that are between 3 months and one year of age when slaughtered.  Steer—a male bovine that is castrated before reaching sexual maturity.  Teat—the outlet for milk produced in the udder.  Udder—the milk- producing gland of mammals.  Veal—calves younger than 3 months of age sold for slaughter.

 The Spanish brought the first longhorn cattle to America.

 European dairy cattle arrived in Jamestown Colony and helped end sever starvation.

 2 Devon Heifers & 1 Devon Bull imported to Plymouth Colony from Britain.

 Dolly Madison served ice cream at the white House inaugural ball.

 First Hereford cattle imported to the United States by Henry Clay of Kentucky.

 Massachusetts breeder purchased one of the first Holstein cows from a Dutch sailing master at Boston.

 George Grant transported 4 Angus bulls from Scotland to Victoria, Kansas.

 Commercial pasteurization machines were first introduced.

 Meat Steak Some sausages Brisket Roasts Ground beef  Dairy Milk Ice cream Yogurt Butter Cheese

 History: From the Netherlands. Breed is 2,000 years old.  Characteristics: Good mothers, cattle poster child.  Main Uses: Milk production

 History: Originated in England. First purebred in US in  Characteristics: Good mothering, good to cross, good in cold conditions  Main Uses: Beef production

 History: Originated on Isle of Jersey. Earliest US importation to US in  Characteristics: Good mothering  Main Uses: Milk production

 History: Earliest known in 1700s. Moved to Midwestern states, popular in range areas.  Characteristics: Good beef, good mothering, easy to crossbreed.  Main Uses: High-quality, well-marbled meat.

 History: Crossbreed between Brahman and Hereford  Characteristics: Good mothering, insect tolerant, survive in droughts  Main Uses: Beef

 History: Brought in from Spanish. Almost went extinct in 1900s.  Characteristics: Low-cholesterol meat, good in drought, symbol of Texas  Main Uses: Pets & Beef

 1. What is defined as “in dairy cattle, a method of evaluating the genetic value of dairy cows”?  2. In what year did Dolly Madison served ice cream at the White House inaugural ball?  3. Which breed is from the Netherlands. Breed is 2,000 years old?  4. Which breed was earliest US imported to US in 1815?

 5. Which breed is a good mother, good to cross, good in cold conditions?  6. Which breed is a cross between a Brahman and Hereford?  7. Which breed is known as a symbol of Texas?  8. Which breed is known for their high-quality, well-marbled meat?

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