1. Breeds of Beef & Dairy Cattle Mrs. Gilbreath

2. Today you will be able to… Identify characteristics of Major Beef Cattle Breeds, Dual-Purpose and Dairy Breeds. Identify characteristics of Major Beef Cattle Breeds, Dual-Purpose and Dairy Breeds.

3. Cattle Today Worldwide there are more than 250 breeds of cattle Worldwide there are more than 250 breeds of cattle Over 60 of these breeds are present in the United States Over 60 of these breeds are present in the United States Less than 20 of those breeds constitute the major breeds used in US breeding programs. Less than 20 of those breeds constitute the major breeds used in US breeding programs.

4. Terms Composite breed – a breed that is formed by crossing two or more breeds Composite breed – a breed that is formed by crossing two or more breeds Hybrid Vigor – Increased growth rate often noted in cattle resulting from crossbreeding Hybrid Vigor – Increased growth rate often noted in cattle resulting from crossbreeding Polled – Naturally without horns; the polled trait is dominant over the horned trait Polled – Naturally without horns; the polled trait is dominant over the horned trait

5. Terms Cont. Terminal Breed – Breed used in crossbreeding system which progeny, both male and female are marketed. Terminal Breed – Breed used in crossbreeding system which progeny, both male and female are marketed. Dual-Purpose Breeds – A Breed of any animal that can be used for dual uses. (Ex. Beef and Milking) Dual-Purpose Breeds – A Breed of any animal that can be used for dual uses. (Ex. Beef and Milking)

6. 2 Biological Types of Cattle Bos Indicus Bos Indicus – Humped cattle, adapt to tropical and sub- tropical environments Brahman Brangus Beefmaster Santa Gertrudis Environmental adaptability to… Environmental adaptability to… Stresses of heat Stresses of heat Humidity Humidity Parasites Parasites Digestible forages Digestible forages

7. Bos Taurus: AKA: Continental or Exotic Sub-divided into 2 groups Sub-divided into 2 groups Known for weight gain and cut-ability Known for weight gain and cut-ability Large in size, lean muscular and vary in adaptability to hot climates Large in size, lean muscular and vary in adaptability to hot climates Charolais Charolais Chianina Chianina Gelbvieh Gelbvieh Limousin Limousin Maine-Anjou Maine-Anjou Salers Salers Simmental Simmental Texas Longhorn Texas Longhorn

8. Bos Taurus: British Breeds Or “English Breeds” Or “English Breeds” Smaller than Continental breeds Smaller than Continental breeds Increased fleshing and marbling ability Increased fleshing and marbling ability These are the foundation of the United States beef herds. These are the foundation of the United States beef herds. Angus Angus Hereford Hereford Red Angus Red Angus Red Poll Red Poll Shorthorn Shorthorn

9. Black Angus Originated in Scotland Originated in Scotland Imported to U.S. in 1873 Imported to U.S. in 1873 Solid black in color Solid black in color Naturally polled Naturally polled Consumer preference led to Certified Angus Beef Consumer preference led to Certified Angus Beef British Breed British Breed

10. Hereford Originated in Hereford, England Originated in Hereford, England Red with white head, legs, and underline Red with white head, legs, and underline Horned Horned Early maturing Early maturing “Mothering” breed “Mothering” breed British Breed British Breed

11. Polled Hereford Developed in Iowa by Warren Gammon Developed in Iowa by Warren Gammon Naturally hornless Naturally hornless Red with white face, legs and underline Red with white face, legs and underline

12. Shorthorn Originated in England Originated in England Red; red & white or roan in color Red; red & white or roan in color Originally used as a dual purpose breed for meat and milk Originally used as a dual purpose breed for meat and milk Sometimes called the Durham breed Sometimes called the Durham breed Early maturing, excellent milkers Early maturing, excellent milkers Dual-Purpose Dual-Purpose

13. Simmental Originated in Switzerland Originated in Switzerland Oldest breed of cattle in the world Oldest breed of cattle in the world Large, powerful breed Large, powerful breed Known for both growth traits and maternal traits Known for both growth traits and maternal traits Vary from red and white spotted to dark red to black Vary from red and white spotted to dark red to black Continental Breed Continental Breed

14. Gelbvieh Originated in Germany Originated in Germany Red in color Red in color Noted for superior fertility and mothering ability Noted for superior fertility and mothering ability Tend to be extra fleshy under the throat Tend to be extra fleshy under the throat

15. Charolais Originated in France Originated in France Traditionally white in color Traditionally white in color Long bodied, large cattle Long bodied, large cattle Heavily muscled Heavily muscled Coarse looking Coarse looking Horned or Polled Horned or Polled Fast growth rate, and feed efficiency Fast growth rate, and feed efficiency

16. Maine Anjou Originated in France Originated in France Dark red with white markings or black Dark red with white markings or black Can be horned or polled Can be horned or polled Yield extremely lean, muscular carcasses Yield extremely lean, muscular carcasses Bos Taurus Bos Taurus

17. Chianina Originated in Italy Originated in Italy One of the oldest breeds of cattle One of the oldest breeds of cattle One of the largest breeds with some bulls weighing over 3000 lbs. One of the largest breeds with some bulls weighing over 3000 lbs. Short hair that is white to steel gray Short hair that is white to steel gray Terminal breed Terminal breed Low milk production Low milk production

18. Salers Originated in France Originated in France Fastest growing breed in the United States Fastest growing breed in the United States Mahogany red to black in color Mahogany red to black in color One of the last breeds to be imported into the United States in 1972 One of the last breeds to be imported into the United States in 1972 Adapt to rough terrain and harsh climates Adapt to rough terrain and harsh climates

19. Brahman Originated in India Originated in India Able to survive on very little, poor feed Able to survive on very little, poor feed Insect & heat resistant Insect & heat resistant Excess skin and large hump on back Excess skin and large hump on back White to gray, red to black White to gray, red to black Sweat glands Sweat glands Bos Indicus Bos Indicus

20. Santa Gertrudis Developed on the King Ranch in Texas Developed on the King Ranch in Texas All Santa Gertrudis are descendants of the bull, Monkey All Santa Gertrudis are descendants of the bull, Monkey They were created by crossing shorthorn cows and Brahman bulls They were created by crossing shorthorn cows and Brahman bulls

21. Texas Longhorn Developed entirely by nature in North America Developed entirely by nature in North America Known for its long horns Known for its long horns High fertility High fertility Were near extinction in 1927 Were near extinction in 1927

22. Beefmaster Developed on Lasater Ranch in our home state. TX Developed on Lasater Ranch in our home state. TX No color standard, predominantly red or dun No color standard, predominantly red or dun Composite breed, Composite breed, ½ Brahman, ¼ Shorthorn, ¼ Hereford ½ Brahman, ¼ Shorthorn, ¼ Hereford Possess reproductive traits and high milking potential Possess reproductive traits and high milking potential

23. Brangus Composite Breed 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus Composite Breed 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 Angus Black in color and are Polled Black in color and are Polled Heat tolerance, muscularity, early maturity, quality beef Heat tolerance, muscularity, early maturity, quality beef Bos Indicus Bos Indicus Composite Breed Composite Breed

24. Dual-Purpose Breed Dual-Purpose Breeds – A group of cattle that are very large to extremely large in size, high to very high milkers, with heavy muscle expression. Dual-Purpose Breeds – A group of cattle that are very large to extremely large in size, high to very high milkers, with heavy muscle expression. These breeds tend to be early to medium maturing in spite of there size, presumably because of there selection for dairy use. These breeds tend to be early to medium maturing in spite of there size, presumably because of there selection for dairy use.

25. Red and white or any combination of red and white Red and white or any combination of red and white Dual purpose breed Dual purpose breed Medium sized Medium sized Average milk producer Average milk producer Split from the American Shorthorn Assoc. in 1949 Split from the American Shorthorn Assoc. in 1949 Milking Shorthorn

27. Dairy Breeds and Selection Terms Dairy character - characteristics indicating the animal will be useful in the dairy industry Butterfat (milkfat)- percent of fat in the milk Milk production - amount in pounds of milk that a cow produces during a lactation period Lactation - span of time that a cow is giving milk Pedigree - register of lines of ancestry Dairy Herd Improvement records (DHI)- production records kept on producing dairy cattle

28. Holstein Black and White or Red and White color pattern Black and White or Red and White color pattern Large sized Large sized Heavy milk producers Heavy milk producers

29. Jersey Color varies (light gray to a dark fawn being darker around the head and hips) Color varies (light gray to a dark fawn being darker around the head and hips) Medium sized Medium sized Produces more pounds of milk per body weight than any other dairy breed. Produces more pounds of milk per body weight than any other dairy breed.

30. Brown Swiss Solid brown, varying from very light to dark Solid brown, varying from very light to dark Large sized Large sized Light colored band around the muzzle Light colored band around the muzzle One of the oldest Dairy breeds One of the oldest Dairy breeds Above average milkfat content Above average milkfat content

31. Guernsey Red (Fawn) and White in color Red (Fawn) and White in color Medium sized Medium sized High milk production to feed intake ratio High milk production to feed intake ratio Milk is high in protein and beta-carotene Milk is high in protein and beta-carotene Yellow colored milk Yellow colored milk

46. References IMS IMS Oklahoma State University – Animal Science Dept. Oklahoma State University – Animal Science Dept.