The French Revolution Stage 1 Liberal Stage - Bourgeois Phase

Long term causes Enlightenment ideas Privileges and resentment among social classes: nobles of the robe v. noble of the sword bourgeoisie v. nobles peasants resent seigneurial rights and dues Financial crisis due to wars Social tensions due to high prices, low wages, high unemployment and bad harvests for several years. Ineffective and weak king Unpopular queen

The French Monarchy Louis XVI Bourbon Dynasty Marie Antoinette Habsburg Dynasty

The Royal Family Marie Antoinette’s Peasant Cottage “let them eat cake” “Madame deficit” “The Austrian Whore”

Burden of taxation falls on the peasantry.

Burdens of the French Urban Poor

Estates General meets first time since 1614 Problem #1 - How to vote.

Vote by head or Estate? 1st Estate = clergy 3rd Estate = Everyone else 2nd Estate = nobles 96% 2% lawyers Abbe Emmanuel Sieyes

cahiers de doleances or list of grievances critical of: absolutism seigneuralism tax system lettres de cachet wanted: a new national assembly

The Third Estate proclaims itself the National Assembly of France, next...

Time out for art... Neoclassicism Glorifies heroes Revival of Classical Style Greco-Roman influence Order, Intellectual Very realistic looking; The Death of Socrates (1787) Jacques-Louis David On the eve of the Revolution, this picture served as a trumpet call to duty, and resistance to unjust authority.

Storming the Bastille July 14, 1789 “Is it a revolt?” No, Sire, it is a Revolution.”

The Great Fear: Peasant Revolt July 19 - August 3

August 4th Decrees nobles stand and renounce their privileges feudal dues are abolished freedom of worship abolition of sale of offices abolition of exclusive right of hunting for nobles Death of the Old Regime

The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris.

Women’s March October 1789

The National Assembly also... Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Civil Constitution of the French Clergy juring vs. non-juring priests or refractory priests (those refusing to swear an oath of loyalty to the Revolution) Constitution of 1791 sets up a constitutional monarchy active (paid taxes = 3-days wages) v. passive citizens

Granted citizenship and civil rights to Protestants and Jews Ended the monopoly of the guilds passed the Le Chapelier law - prohibiting workmen from joining together to refuse to work. established civil marriages, divorce, inheritances to be divided equally among children abolished slavery in France but not in the colonies (will lead to slave revolt in Haiti) The National Assembly also...

Depreciation of the Assignat Whoever acquired them were entitled to certain privileges in the purchase of church land. The state would retire the notes as the land was sold. They began circulating as paper currency. Government printed more INFLATION [they lost 99% of their value ultimately]. Therefore, future governments paid off their creditors with cheap money.

Government paid the salaries of the French clergy and maintained the churches. The church was reorganized: Parish priests elected by the district assemblies. Bishops  named by the department assemblies. The pope had NO voice in the appointment of the French clergy. It transformed France’s Roman Catholic Church into a branch of the state!! New Relations Between Church & State

Attacked the king in his newspaper. Used popular sovereignty rhetoric of Rousseau Meanwhile... Jean Paul Marat

Sir Edmund Burke (1790): Reflections on the Revolution in France attacks the French Revolution change should come through gradual evolution not revolution Father of modern conservatism

Olympe de Gouges ( ) Women played a vital role in the Revolution. But, The Declaration of the Rights of Man did NOT extend the rights and protections of citizenship to women.

The First Coalition & The Brunswick Manifesto (August 3, 1792) Austria Prussia Britain Spain France vs. The First Coalition: Revolutionary government will declare war.