Chapter 1 Introduction to Organizational Behavior

OB studies what people do in an organization and how that behavior affects the performance of the organization.

Effective manager vs. successful manager Management duties What managers do Management roles Management skills

Management functions Planning Organizing Leading Controlling Ask students to look back two project experience they had with their team members (a successful one and a terrible one) Were there any tasks closely related to the management functions we discussed here? Discuss any managerial task they think themselves or their team members performed very well (or poor) to contribute the success or failure of that particular project Planning? Setting goals, what needs to be done, get there by when Who, what, when, where, how Organizing? Who & how Who…assign team member’s task according to individual’s strength Who is better at what area (search material, analyzing information, writing, or communication) Leading? Sometimes being tough sometimes being very understandable yet knowing how to inspire and motivate the entire team work towards to the same goal Controlling?

Management functions Interpersonal roles Informational roles Decisional roles Interpersonal role: Being recognized and respected as a leader of the team (figurehead role) Leadership role: hiring, training, motivating, and disciplining team members Liaison role: the bridge between the team group and the outsiders Informational role Pass around the information hierarchically (upward and downward) and horizontally (inter-departmental) Decisional role Decision on resource allocation Decision on action taking Decision on development and plan

Management skills Technical skills Human skills Conceptual skills Manager need to equip with professionalism Human skills----managers get things done through other people!! If they do everything themselves….they are not “managers” because they can “manage” people to complete tasks….why? because no one listens to him/her The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other team members Don’t fall into the trap of “technically proficient but interpersonally incompetent” (don’t listen to other suggestions, don’t know others needs and wants, can’t communicate with others, get irritated and irritates other easily). “Level 5 leadership” Conceptual skills Can comprehend complex world into simple concepts for subordinates to follow Identify the problems, come up with solutions, think outside the box, evaluate solutions and select the best one

Where in these managerial functions requires the people skills? To become an effective managers (that mean that, for most of the time, you can a job done)….it requires a good deal of “people skill” otherwise you could just fall in the categorize of “ average managers” If your people skills works only within the team level….then you can be a well respected manager. However, if you don’t know how to “network” inside and out, then you will be in the categories of “effective manager” Only if you know how to manage people within your team, as well as outside the team (across departmental, up to the level of company’s board, build a good relationships with outsiders…never eat along, eat with your team members, your professors, other team leaders, or people from other companies yet within the same association) or someone now might not be important to you but he/she may comes in hand along the road…is this good or bad?) if you only eat with someone you think are important or rich..then you are snob. Lean to expending your network…starting from NOW!!

Goals of Organizational Behavior Explain, predict, and control human behavior OB is a science about human being…particularly human behavior in an office setting. To know understand people…we need to know what they think, what they like and dislike, what they value, and what they want out of life…this is psychology If it is in a general area…it’s sociology, or anthropology In business setting….and target at people at work…it’s called…ob If it is in business setting, and target at people who buy your product…it’s call consumer behavior If we look at this human behavior in a higher level and examine the “mind games” people play ….it’s “political science”

The field of OB seeks to replace intuitive explanations with systematic study

What other knowledge help us understand OB?

Contributing Disciplines Sociology studies people in relation to their fellow human beings Psychology seeks to measure,explain, and change behavior Social psychology focuses on the influence of people on one another Political science is the study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities

OB Model

Dependent variable Things which will be affected by OB Productivity What factors influence the effectiveness and efficiency of individuals Absenteeism Absenteeism is not all bad Having too high employee absent rate will affect productivity Turnover Not all turnover is bad High turnover rate…in some degree affect productivity, particularly 4 the hospitality inducstry

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) No one will want to pick up the slack No one would want to walk extra miles to achieve the goals. Job satisfaction Unhappy employees…what else can you say?

Organizational citizenship Discretionary behavior Not part of an employee's formal job requirements Promotes the effective functioning of the organization

Examples of Organizational Citizenship Helping others on one's work team Volunteering for extra job activities Avoiding unnecessary conflicts Making constructive statements about one's work group and the overall organization

Independent variables Individual variables Age, gender, personality, emotion, values, attitude, ability Perception, individual decision making, learning, and motivation Group variables Norm, communication, leadership, power, politics Organization system variables Organizational culture, HR practices

Challenges and Opportunities for OB

Typical employee is getting older More women and minorities in the workplace Global competition is requiring employees to become more flexible Historical loyalty-bonds that held many employees to their employers are being severed

Responding to Globalization Increased Foreign Assignments Working with People from Different Cultures Coping with Anti-Capitalism Backlash Overseeing Movement of Jobs to Countries with Low-cost Labor

Managing Diversity Workforce diversity -organizations are becoming a more heterogeneous mix of people in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation

Diversity Implications Managers have to shift their philosophy from treating everyone alike to recognizing differences and responding to those differences in ways that ensure employee retention and greater productivity.

OB Insights Improving People Skills Improving Customer Service Empowering People Working in Networked Organizations Stimulating Innovation and Change

OB Insights Coping with “Temporariness” Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts Declining Employee Loyalty Improving Ethical Behavior