1. o r g a n i z a t i o n a l b e h a v i o r e l e v e n t h e d i t i o n

2. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–1 After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 6.Describe why managers require a knowledge of OB. 7.Explain the need for a contingency approach to the study of OB. 8.Identify the three levels of analysis in this book’s OB model. L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S (cont’d)

3. What Managers Do?  A.Management Function:  Henri Fayol----Planning  Organizing  Commanding  Coordinating  Controlling  Today----planning, organizing,  leading, controlling

4. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–3 Where Managers Work Organization A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.

5. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–4 Management Functions PlanningPlanningOrganizingOrganizingLeadingLeadingControllingControlling

6. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–5 Management Functions (cont’d) Planning A process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities.

7. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–6 Management Functions (cont’d) Organizing Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.

8. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–7 Management Functions (cont’d) Leading A function that includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts.

9. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–8 Management Functions (cont’d) Controlling Monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations.

10. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–9 Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles E X H I B I T 1–1 Source: Adapted from The Nature of Managerial Work by H. Mintzberg. Copyright © 1973 by H. Mintzberg. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education.

11. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–10 Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles (cont’d) E X H I B I T 1–1 (cont’d) Source: Adapted from The Nature of Managerial Work by H. Mintzberg. Copyright © 1973 by H. Mintzberg. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education.

12. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–11 Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles (cont’d) E X H I B I T 1–1 (cont’d) Source: Adapted from The Nature of Managerial Work by H. Mintzberg. Copyright © 1973 by H. Mintzberg. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education.

13. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–12 Management Skills Technical skills The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. Human skills The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups. Conceptual Skills The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations.

14. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–13 Effective Versus Successful Managerial Activities (Luthans) 1.Traditional management Decision making, planning, and controlling 2.Communication Exchanging routine information and processing paperwork 3.Human resource management Motivating, disciplining, managing conflict, staffing, and training 4.Networking Socializing, politicking, and interacting with others 1.Traditional management Decision making, planning, and controlling 2.Communication Exchanging routine information and processing paperwork 3.Human resource management Motivating, disciplining, managing conflict, staffing, and training 4.Networking Socializing, politicking, and interacting with others

15. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–14 E X H I B I T 1–2 Allocation of Activities by Time Source: Based on F. Luthans, R.M. Hodgetts, and S.A. Rosenkrantz, Real Managers (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1988).

16. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–15 Enter Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior (OB) A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness.

17. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–16 Replacing Intuition with Systematic Study Systematic study Looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence. Provides a means to predict behaviors. Intuition A feeling not necessarily supported by research.

18. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–17 Toward an OB Discipline E X H I B I T 1–3

19. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–18 Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d) Psychology The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.

20. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–19 Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d) E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d) Sociology The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.

21. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–20 Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d) E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d) Social Psychology An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.

22. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–21 Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d) E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d) Anthropology The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.

23. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–22 Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d) E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d) Political Science The study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment.

24. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–23 Challenges and Opportunity for OB (cont’d)  Improving People Skills  Empowering People  Stimulating Innovation and Change  Coping with “Temporariness”  Working in Networked Organizations  Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts  Improving Ethical Behavior

25. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–24 Basic OB Model, Stage I E X H I B I T 1–7 Model An abstraction of reality. A simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon.

26. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–25 The Dependent Variables x y Dependent variable A response that is affected by an independent variable.

27. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–26 The Dependent Variables (cont’d) Productivity A performance measure that includes effectiveness and efficiency. Effectiveness Achievement of goals. Efficiency The ratio of effective output to the input required to achieve it.

28. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–27 The Dependent Variables (cont’d) Absenteeism The failure to report to work. Turnover The voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization.

29. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–28 The Dependent Variables (cont’d) Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) Discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee’s formal job requirements, but that nevertheless promotes the effective functioning of the organization.

30. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–29 The Dependent Variables (cont’d) Job satisfaction A general attitude toward one’s job, the difference between the amount of reward workers receive and the amount they believe they should receive.

31. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–30 The Independent Variables Independent Variables Individual-Level Variables Organization System-Level Variables Group-Level Variables Independent variable The presumed cause of some change in the dependent variable.

32. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.1–31 Basic OB Model, Stage II E X H I B I T 1–8