Harmful Effects and Emergency Response Poisoned: harm to internal organs Injuries: harm due to external irritants Hazard is the risk of harmful effects from pesticides

Harmful Effects and Emergency Response Hazard = Toxicity x Exposure

EXPOSURE When pesticide comes into contact with a surface or organism When pesticide comes into contact with a surface or organism

EXPOSURE Headache Headache Nausea Nausea Dizzy Dizzy Twitching Twitching

EXPOSURE Oral - swallowing not washing hands (eating and drinking) not washing hands (eating and drinking) direct mouth contact direct mouth contact food and drink contamination food and drink contamination

EXPOSURE Inhalation - breathing poor ventilation poor ventilation breathing fumes without respirator breathing fumes without respirator mixing and application mixing and application

EXPOSURE Ocular - eye splashing during mixing splashing during mixing no eye protection no eye protection windy conditions windy conditions

EXPOSURE Dermal - skin most likely exposure most likely exposure improper protection improper protection splashing during mixing splashing during mixing

EXPOSURE Dermal - skin

Amount absorbed by skin determined by Pesticide and formulation EC and oil-based absorbed most readily EC and oil-based absorbed most readily dry absorbed the least dry absorbed the least

Amount absorbed by skin determined by Area of exposure genital area is the highest genital area is the highest also the scalp, ear canal and forehead also the scalp, ear canal and forehead

Amount absorbed by skin determined by Condition of skin cuts, abrasions, and rashes increase absorption cuts, abrasions, and rashes increase absorption sweaty skin is increased sweaty skin is increased

TOXICITY the ability of a pesticide to cause harmful effects the ability of a pesticide to cause harmful effects

HARMFUL EFFECTS Acute effects injuries that appear immediately after exposure injuries that appear immediately after exposure <24 hours <24 hours main way to assess pesticides toxicity main way to assess pesticides toxicity effects may burn or be absorbed into system effects may burn or be absorbed into system

HARMFUL EFFECTS Delayed effects Do not appear immediately (>24 hours) Do not appear immediately (>24 hours) Several years Several years Repeated Repeated Single exposure - a large exposure that may take several days to affect Single exposure - a large exposure that may take several days to affect

HARMFUL EFFECTS Delayed effects chronic effects - several years chronic effects - several years tumors, cancer, or mutagenic effects tumors, cancer, or mutagenic effects developmental and reproductive effects developmental and reproductive effects birth defects, infertility or impotence birth defects, infertility or impotence

HARMFUL EFFECTS Delayed effects systemic effects systemic effects blood, nervous, lung, liver or kidney disorders blood, nervous, lung, liver or kidney disorders

HARMFUL EFFECTS Allergic effects harmful effects that some people develop that others do not harmful effects that some people develop that others do not Sensitization Sensitization first exposure, no reaction first exposure, no reaction second exposure, allergic response second exposure, allergic response

SIGNS OF HARMFUL EFFECTS Symptoms - nausea or headache (feel) Symptoms - nausea or headache (feel) Signs - vomiting or fainting (see) Signs - vomiting or fainting (see)

SIGNS OF HARMFUL EFFECTS External irritants - skin reactions, swelling, redness, etc. External irritants - skin reactions, swelling, redness, etc. Poisoning - chest pains, breathing, cramps, nausea, etc. Poisoning - chest pains, breathing, cramps, nausea, etc.

FIRST AID Skin drench skin with water drench skin with water remove clothing and equipment remove clothing and equipment wash with mild liquid detergent wash with mild liquid detergent dry and protect from overheating and chilling dry and protect from overheating and chilling cover area, but do NOT apply ointment cover area, but do NOT apply ointment

FIRST AID Eye flush eyes for 15 minutes or more flush eyes for 15 minutes or more

FIRST AID Inhalation get fresh air get fresh air loosen clothing loosen clothing

FIRST AID Swallowed rinse mouth with water (very first step) rinse mouth with water (very first step) Then, follow label Then, follow label quart of milk or water quart of milk or water

FIRST AID Swallowed induce vomiting if instructed induce vomiting if instructed DO NOT vomit if: DO NOT vomit if: unconscious or in convulsions unconscious or in convulsions corrosive poisoning corrosive poisoning EC, death if inhaled EC, death if inhaled

HEAT STRESS often due to PPE limiting the ability to cool often due to PPE limiting the ability to cool take seriously, 10% of cases are fatal take seriously, 10% of cases are fatal heat cramps result from loss of body salt through heavy sweating heat cramps result from loss of body salt through heavy sweating

HEAT STRESS Symptoms fatigue fatigue dizziness dizziness confusion confusion

HEAT STRESS First aid get to cool area get to cool area cool skin with water and fans cool skin with water and fans no ice bath no ice bath remove clothing remove clothing drink lots of water drink lots of water

HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD (HCS) list all hazardous chemicals in workplace list all hazardous chemicals in workplace MSDS, material safety data sheets MSDS, material safety data sheets all containers labeled all containers labeled provide adequate training provide adequate training

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT (OSHA) OSHA investigates operations and complaints OSHA investigates operations and complaints administered by U.S. Department of Labor administered by U.S. Department of Labor requires employers must keep records of all work-related injuries requires employers must keep records of all work-related injuries