Absolute Monarchs in Europe Vocabulary: ◦absolute monarch ◦divine right

Absolute Monarchs in Europe Vocabulary: ◦Escorial ◦Versailles

Absolute Monarchs in Europe Vocabulary: ◦Huguenots ◦Edict of Nantes

Absolute Monarchs in Europe Vocabulary: ◦boyars ◦Romanovs

Absolute Monarchs in Europe Feudalism declined Catholic Church’s power declined Stronger national identities: ◦England ◦France ◦Spain ◦plus, Russia, Austria, & Prussia Wealthy economies ◦Influx of goods from New World

Absolute Monarchs in Europe Absolute rulers ◦Ruled by divine right of kings ◦Filled power gap left by Church ◦Wanted power to control economy ◦In conflict w/ nobility  unlimited royal power

Absolute Monarchs in Europe Philip II (Spain, ) Louis XIII (France, 1610) Louis XIV ( “, ) Peter the Great (Russia, )

Absolute Monarchs in Europe Spain Philip II ◦devout Catholic ◦built & lost Armada ◦built Escorial ◦supported the arts  Cervantes, Don Quixote  El Greco & Velazquez

Spain After expelling the Jews: ◦Lost their business class ◦Economy declined No middle class ◦Few taxes collected Dutch revolted, became independent ◦Mostly Protestant ◦Had thriving economy  Developed art (Rembrandt, Vermeer)  Developed trading empire

Absolute Monarchs in Europe France Louis XIII ( ) ◦Cardinal Richelieu (politician 1 st )  moved against Huguenots  weakened nobles Louis XIV ( ) ◦Sun King; “L’etat c’est moi.” ◦built Versailles ◦controlled nobles w/i palace ◦increased power of intendants (gov’t agents)

Absolute Monarchs Russia Peter the Great, ◦Huge political & economic reforms Visited Europe Pulled Russia into European realm ◦Conquered land with sea access ◦Built St. Petersburg Built a formidable navy

Absolute Monarchs People & Places to know: ◦Escorial ◦Versailles ◦Huguenots ◦Edict of Nantes ◦Miguel de Cervantes ◦Rembrandt ◦Cardinal Richelieu ◦The Sun King ◦Ivan the Terrible ◦St. Petersburg