Jim Crow and the Fight for Civil Rights Get out a sheet of paper and take notes. Get out a sheet of paper and take notes.

Jim Crow Laws establish “separate-but-equal” facilities for blacks and whites establish “separate-but-equal” facilities for blacks and whites facilities for African Americans rarely equal to those set aside for whites facilities for African Americans rarely equal to those set aside for whites Henry McNeal Turner (AME) called these laws – “barbarous” Henry McNeal Turner (AME) called these laws – “barbarous”

What did Jim Crow look like?

Plessy v Fergusson Passed by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1896 doomed blacks, particularly in the South to 50 plus years of discrimination and segregation. Passed by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1896 doomed blacks, particularly in the South to 50 plus years of discrimination and segregation. This decision rendered the “equal protection” part of the 14 th Amendment null ruling that the clause did not apply to the actions of private citizens. This decision rendered the “equal protection” part of the 14 th Amendment null ruling that the clause did not apply to the actions of private citizens. Not until 1954, Brown v. Board of Education decision, would the "separate but equal" doctrine be struck down. Not until 1954, Brown v. Board of Education decision, would the "separate but equal" doctrine be struck down.

“It shall be unlawful for a negro and white person to play together or in company with each other in any game of cards or dice, dominoes or checkers.” —Birmingham, Alabama, 1930 “It shall be unlawful for a negro and white person to play together or in company with each other in any game of cards or dice, dominoes or checkers.” —Birmingham, Alabama, 1930 “Marriages are void when one party is a white person and the other is possessed of one-eighth or more negro, Japanese, or Chinese blood.” —Nebraska, 1911 “Marriages are void when one party is a white person and the other is possessed of one-eighth or more negro, Japanese, or Chinese blood.” —Nebraska, 1911 “Separate free schools shall be established for the education of children of African descent; and it shall be unlawful for any colored child to attend any white school, or any white child to attend a colored school.” —Missouri, 1929 “Separate free schools shall be established for the education of children of African descent; and it shall be unlawful for any colored child to attend any white school, or any white child to attend a colored school.” —Missouri, 1929 “All railroads carrying passengers in the state (other than street railroads) shall provide equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races, by providing two or more passenger cars for each passenger train, or by dividing the cars by a partition, so as to secure separate accommodations.” —Tennessee, 1891 “All railroads carrying passengers in the state (other than street railroads) shall provide equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races, by providing two or more passenger cars for each passenger train, or by dividing the cars by a partition, so as to secure separate accommodations.” —Tennessee, 1891

Pop Quiz 1. The Constitution limits the size of the District of Columbia to what? 2. Who presides at the impeachment of a president? 3. Prior to the adoption of the United States Constitution, the organization of states was known as the __________________ 4. What officer is designated by the Constitution to be president of the Senate of the United States?

These are actual questions from the Alabama State Literacy Test – how did you do on this test???

Poll Tax Required citizens to pay a fee to register to vote. These fees kept many poor African Americans, as well as poor whites, from voting.

Grandfather Clause Stated only citizens who had voted prior to 1867 were eligible to vote in the South. Stated only citizens who had voted prior to 1867 were eligible to vote in the South. Former slaves had not voted before Former slaves had not voted before 1867.

Again, what were three methods to disfranchise the African American Literacy Tests Literacy Tests Poll Tax Poll Tax Grandfather Clause Grandfather Clause

Summary Questions – Choose 1 and respond. 1. Do you think people should have to be tested before voting? 2. Do you think that voters should be informed about their government? 3. Why do you think African Americans were willing to risk so much in order to gain the right to vote? 4. Do you think voting is a right worth struggling for?