1. Key Ch. 5 Vocabulary Review – AP Government

2. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
1978 SCOTUS decision holding that a state university may weigh race or ethnic background as one element in admissions, but may not set aside places for members of particular racial groups (no quotas).
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

3. 1857 SCOTUS decision ruling that a slave who had escaped to a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and that Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories.
Dred Scott v. Sanford

4. Brown v. Board of Education
1954 SCOTUS decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the 14th Amendment guarantee of equal protection. This case outlawed segregation in public schools.
Brown v. Board of Education

5. The law making racial discrimination in public accommodations illegal
The law making racial discrimination in public accommodations illegal. It forbade many forms of discrimination. It also strengthened voting rights.
Civil Rights Act of 1964

6. Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.
Civil Rights

7. A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged group.
Affirmative Action

8. Poll Taxes Literacy Test Grandfather Clause Jim Crow Laws
Small fees levied on the right to vote. These and the _______ _____, and the __________ ________ were used by most Southern states to exclude African-Americans from voting. Collectively, these were known as ____ _______ _____.
Poll Taxes
Literacy Test
Grandfather Clause
Jim Crow Laws

9. The constitutional amendment passed in 1964 which declared poll taxes void in Federal elections.
24th Amendment

10. 1896 SCOTUS decision that provided a constitutional justification for segregation by ruling that a Louisiana requiring “equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races was constitutional.
Plessy V. Ferguson

11. 1971 landmark SCOTUS case in which the court for the first time upheld a claim of gender discrimination.
Reed v. Reed

12. 1954 SCOTUS case that extended protection against discrimination against Hispanics. It ruled that excluding Hispanics from jury duty unreasonably singled out a group for discriminatory treatment. This helped with impartiality of juries.
Hernandez v. Texas

13. 1944 SCOTUS case that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during WWII.
Korematsu v. U.S.

14. Ended formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage
Ended formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds and thousands of African-Americans registered to vote, and the number of African-American elected officials increased dramatically. Also eliminated the Literacy Test.
Voting Rights Act of 1965

15. Equal Rights Amendment
Amendment originally introduced to Congress in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972, stating that “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S. or any state on account of sex. Despite public support the amendment fell short of the three-fourths support of state legislatures required for ratification.
Equal Rights Amendment

16. 1976 SCOTUS case which established the “intermediate scrutiny” standard for determining gender discrimination.
Craig v. Boren

17. Americans with Disabilities Act
Passed in 1990 and requires employers and public facilities to make “reasonable accommodations” for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment.
Americans with Disabilities Act

18. Adarand Constructors v. Pena
1995 SCOTUS decision holding that federal programs that classify people by race, even for an ostensibly benign purpose like expanding opportunities for minorities, should be presumed to be unconstitutional.
Adarand Constructors v. Pena