How do you prove your point? DO NOW TO WHAT EXTENT IS THE TERM “RENAISSANCE” A VALID CONCEPT FOR A DISTINICT PERIOD IN EARLY MODERN EUROPEAN HISTORY. What are you answering? How do you prove your point? Is it a valid concept Yes or no to what extent either way somewhat, slightly, entirely, completely. Prove it NOT- DIFFERENT MORE CLOSELY RELATED TO REVOLUTION, SITE RELIGION, ART (SPECIFICLY HUMANISM , PERSPECTIVE) EDUCATION HUMANIST APPROACH VS. SCHOLATICISM. IS- STEPPING STONE FOR GREAT MOVEMENT FORWARD IN EDUCATION, ART RELIGION AND POLITICS.

100 Years War Black Plague Great Schism What events of the Middle Ages affected the development of the Renaissance 100 Years War Black Plague Great Schism

GREAT SCHISM Church moves from Rome to Avignon in France 1305 -1378 all popes French Pope Gregory XI returns Pope to Rome – Dies- Rome force election of Roman Pope Church splits 1 pope in Rome Urban VI 1 pope in Avignon Clement VII 1409 Council of Pisa electes new pope Alexander V 1417 Council of Constance elects new pope

Devastating effects on population First appears in 1347 in Italy THE BLACK PLAGUE Proximity made it spread faster Killed within days 34% of population of Europe dies Disease spread by rats Comes from the East Devastating effects on population First appears in 1347 in Italy Throughout Europe by 1353

HUNDRED YEARS' WAR French power and development Lasted off and on for 117 years Battled for control of France Established French control of mainland Europe and removed British control

THE RENAISSANCE DO NOW Take sheet of paper and write a thesis for the question on it. Please be sure to not re-write the question and list you 3 points of proof.

naissance Re re birth A Rebirth of what?? The Greeks and Romans Ancient Culture

THE RENAISSANCE COULD BE CONSIDERED A BRIDGE: The Middle Ages The Modern World “By celebrating the beauty of nature and the dignity of mankind, Renaissance artists and scholars helped shape the intellectual and cultural history of the modern world.”

WHAT IS THE RENAISSANCE?? A 300 year period in Western Europe that marked the revival of art, literature and learning. a transition period between medieval and modern Europe. A time of creativity and change in the areas ex. Politics, culture,society and economics. A spiritual reawakening A renewed interest in the classical learning of the past.

ITALY IN TRANSITION Medieval Europe had been a fragmented feudal society with an agricultural economy Its thought and culture dominated by the church Renaissance Europe, especially after the 14th century was characterized by growing national consciousness and political centralization An urban economy based on organized commerce and capitalism With ever greater lay and secular control of thought culture and religion.

WHY ITALY?? Center of Ancient Roman History. Italian cities survived the Middle Ages and the Plague Milan, Florence, Genoa, and Venice in the north Rome in the center and Naples in the south all make an impact. Centers of trade Powerful merchant class evolves and promotes a cultural rebirth.

Nations as we know them today did not exist  City States POLITICAL STRUCTURE Nations as we know them today did not exist  City States What is a City State?

What are the advantages? Disadvantages?

Constitutional Oligarchies 2% - 12% (depending of the city) of the male population in these city-states actually had the right to vote. Examples: Venice, Siena, Lucca and Florence (until the Medici family) Executive Bodies – dominated by the most powerful families Legislative or advisory councils Special Commission

Hereditary Despotism Signori – run by a single family. Example: Milan was ruled the Sforza family What does this seem like that exists in today’s society?

Republics Example: Venice – its constitution had a balance of political interests The doge – an official elected for life by the Senate – executive authority (like a monarch) The Great Council – 2,500 patricians – elected a Senate which represented nobility - No one represented the peasants who were ½ the population

Papal States Pope – the spiritual prince He was elected for life by cardinals Ran just like any other city-state There was a declining role of the papacy over the city-states after the Babylonian Captivity

Military Importance Why was it so necessary in this type of political environment to have a strong military?

They were able to provide credit to purchasers – stimulating trade. Economic Structure Development of banking – How does this help to stimulate the economy? Florence’s currency the gold florin became the standard currency in European trade. Positives? They were able to provide credit to purchasers – stimulating trade. International Trade

Economic Structure Negatives? Risky – the King of England had forced Florentine merchants to loan him money – he defaulted when he failed during an invasion of France in the 100 years’ War – many bankers went into bankruptcy.

Social Structure POPULO GROSSO: “fat people” – 5% of the population – elite/nobles, wealthy merchants, and manufacturers. MEDIOCI: middle – smaller merchants and master artisans. POPULO MINUTO: “little people” – bulk of the urban population.

Social Structure There was some social mobility – Why? What were the social classes based on?

Florence, Italy Center of the Southern Renaissance Why? Why did it become the center of the Renaissance? The Arno Rivier – which flowed through the port of Pisa, helped trade and commerce (Florence conquered Pisa) Medici Family – encouraged a cultural movement City honored accomplishments of citizens Education – many schools(civic as well as private) – university – highest literacy rate in Europe

The Medici Family - Cosimo Wealthy Banking Family – provided stability Bank of the Pope _ John XXIII Banished rival clans Manipulated electoral process Cosimo’s Grandson – survived an assassination attempt – hours later enemies of the family were hanging upside down from a government building – including the archbishop of Pisa Botticelli was commissioned to paint them as they swung.

Culture of the Renaissance: Gutenberg – development of Printing Diffusion of a variety of Histories Treatises Biographies Autobiographies and poems LIBRARIES

Scholasticism  Humanism Culture of the Renaissance: Scholasticism  Humanism The study of law, medicine and theology To The study of grammar, rhetoric, and metaphysics

WHAT IS HUMANISM Leonardo Da Vinci -An intellectual movement, study of classic culture of Greece and Rome. focus on worldly subjects rather than religious issues. Use wisdom of ancients to increase the understanding of their own times Education should stimulate a person creativity Humanist do not accept texts without question but, studied them in light of their own experiences. Leonardo Da Vinci

Culture of the Renaissance: Petrarch – Tuscan poet – copied ancient works from manuscripts Discovered texts no one new about Inspired successors to find and copy other classical manuscripts