 To publish information for global distribution, one needs a universally understood language, a kind of publishing mother tongue that all computers may potentially understand.  The publishing language used by the World Wide Web is HTML (from Hyper Text Markup Language).  HTML gives authors the means to Publish online documents with headings, text, tables, lists, photos, etc.  Retrieve online information via hypertext links, at the click of a button.

 Design forms for conducting transactions with remote services, for use in searching for information, making reservations, ordering products, etc.  Include spread-sheets, video clips, sound clips, and other applications directly in their documents.

A brief history of HTML  HTML was originally developed by Tim Berners-Lee while at CERN, and popularized by the Mosaic browser developed at NCSA.  HTML 2.0 was developed under the aegis of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to codify common practice in late  HTML+ (1993) and HTML 3.0 proposed much richer versions of HTML.  The efforts of the World Wide Web Consortium’s (W3C) HTML Working Group to codify common practice in 1996 resulted in HTML 3.2 (January 1997)

 HTML ◦ Style Sheet ◦ Scripting ◦ Frames ◦ Embedding Objects ◦ Improved support for Right to left & mixed Direction text ◦ Richer tables ◦ Enhancement of forms W3C : Maintain both HTML and CSS(Cascading Style Sheet) standars

 The World Wide Web (Web) is a system of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs.  It is based on common set of Protocols  Protocols: ◦ The rules which allows a particularly configured server computer to distribute documents across the INTERNET in a standard way.  Web Browsers: ◦ The softwares which helps to properly format and display the information served based on the web standard.  The Worl Wide Web is based on a concept of information retrieval called hypertext.

Hyper text document contains: Links: certain words within the text are marked as link to other document or to other documents. Links can be text or graphics. Clicking of link button causes the current Web document to be erased from browser’s window.

 A Web page is a single HTML document.  Contains graphics, text, sound files, hyperlinks  Web Presentation  One or more web Pages linked together in a meaningful way, which, as a whole, describes a body of information or creates an overall consistent effect.  Each web presentation stored on Web site, which is the actual machine on the web that stores the web presentation WEB PAGE

CLIENT / SERVER ARCHITECTURE Client program running on your computer It requests information from a server program running on another computer somewhere on the internet To browse: Internet connection (dial-up phone via modem to an Internet Service Provider) Browser program Server must have a internet connection Must be able to a Web server program A web server program called as HTTPD Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Daemon. Daemon: is a computer term for a program runs unseen in the back ground

 A Web page consists of 3 parts,  1.a line containing HTML document type  2. a declarative header element ( HEAD)  3. a BODY, which contains the document’s actual content  The head contains information about the page, such as meta tags, when it was made, and the specifications of the code itself.  The body contains the material that is seen when the page is viewed. The data in the head is not visible, although it may specify how the "stuff" in the body is displayed.

 All the tags, including the head and body tags, are located inside what can be called the "ultimate container tags,", which tell the browser that everything inside them is for a Web page